tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-89914180016689317702024-03-13T08:44:13.515+05:30MBA Dreams come true only with hard workQuantitative Aptitude Exercises, Reading Comprehension Passages, Data Interpretation and Mock MBA Entrance Tests(CAT, XAT, SNAP, MAT)Jaspreet Singhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16180307812179254896noreply@blogger.comBlogger106125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8991418001668931770.post-55279684542810000732015-03-27T17:48:00.000+05:302015-03-27T17:50:01.002+05:30What to do 10 days before CAT?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; line-height: 18px;">Courtesy: </span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 18px;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif;"><a href="https://clcatblog.wordpress.com/category/last-minute-tips/" target="_blank">A blog which I follow</a></span></span></span></h2>
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<strong style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;">10 Days to CAT</strong></h2>
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Make a plan. Make a pledge. Stick to it. While making a plan keep in mind the following guidelines that you will not touch any fresh area. For all three aptitudes to be tested (Verbal, Quant and LRDI) divide the major topics in these respective areas into seven clusters, one cluster to be done each day. While making the clusters keep in mind that you put only those topics wherein you are very comfortable or comfortable. Skip areas of discomfort. Also avoid completely new topics like plague. For LRDI, as there are no topics per se, divide the forty odd questions of your test series into seven clusters with five to six questions in each cluster. Also, lay your hands upon a book which is moderately challenging for you with about five hundred pages. And, read no more than fifty pages.</div>
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<strong>9 Days to CAT</strong></div>
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Wake up fresh after at least six hours of sleep. Go to sleep no later that 12 pm. No late night movies please. Start with the first lap of your 50 pages target for the day. Reading will warm your senses and boost your appetite for the rest of the problem solving to come. You may finish your target of fifty pages in one go, however, after each tranche of reading you need to introspect and ask yourself three questions: a) What was the author saying? b) Why was he saying what he was saying? c) How was he expressing the same?</div>
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For your quantitative aptitude pick up the first cluster from your planner and revise the associated basic formulas, basic concepts and standard problems. After this activity, pick up any Mock CAT Test Series you may have joined and solve any question that has come from that area in the Mocks starting from Mock 1. Do the same with Verbal Ability. For LRDI, pick your first cluster.</div>
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<strong>Next five days to CAT</strong></div>
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Continue diligently with the regime you have set on the first day. There may be one odd day when you will not be able to stick to your regime. Don’t let such puny things lower your morale. After all you’re human. Keep moving. You will also have at least one bow – day.</div>
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<strong>Last three days to CAT</strong></div>
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Utilize the first two days of these last three days to revise all those areas which you could not as per your regime as it got spilled over. A million dollar question is – what if something is still left, don’t sweat over it, not even a single person who is going to write the exam has been able to cover the syllabus one hundred percent.</div>
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<strong>One day to CAT</strong></div>
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Decide what you like to do most. Read a book. Watch a movie. Listen to music. Loiter with friends, but don’t discuss the exam. No practice, no revision, no questions. Give yourself a treat. Put together your tool-box, sharpen your instruments. Rest your lower back; have a warm, good meal, sleep early and enjoy the paper.</div>
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Jaspreet Singhhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16180307812179254896noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8991418001668931770.post-65375868218512221122011-07-24T14:31:00.003+05:302011-07-24T14:31:49.685+05:3040 Signs You Should Stop Studying for the GMATUnknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8991418001668931770.post-33892239912333975732011-07-24T14:31:00.000+05:302011-07-24T14:31:18.110+05:30Ten Critical Factors That Can Help You Beat The GMATUnknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8991418001668931770.post-73792615678456274352011-07-24T14:28:00.000+05:302011-07-24T14:28:05.356+05:30Future of Cellular IndustryUnknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8991418001668931770.post-72115956637594185282011-07-24T14:27:00.000+05:302011-07-24T14:27:02.828+05:30SWOT Analysis of NokiaUnknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8991418001668931770.post-74947462935168176072011-07-24T14:25:00.000+05:302011-07-24T14:25:21.861+05:30GMAT Tips: Why to Avoid the Word “Methodology” in RC Answers – and Other TipsUnknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8991418001668931770.post-72632456161738052552011-07-24T14:23:00.000+05:302011-07-24T14:23:15.444+05:3010 Tips for Nontraditional Applicants Applying to Business SchoolUnknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8991418001668931770.post-61470111484314736602011-07-24T14:17:00.002+05:302011-07-24T14:17:33.268+05:3010 Things They Don’t Tell You In Business SchoolUnknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8991418001668931770.post-89754460389940408362011-01-15T17:07:00.000+05:302011-01-15T17:07:35.284+05:30Critical Reasoning, basically thinking on your feet.<span class="c6"><strong></strong></span>Like <strong>Reading Comprehension</strong>, you must take a passage and answer the multiple choice questions provided. This time however, the passage given will be less than 100 words and are followed by less questions. Like the title provides, this portion is meant to test your reasoning skills. This means <strong>analyzing</strong> the <strong>arguments</strong> provided, but also creating your own arguments as well as <strong>action plans</strong> to go along with the <strong>material</strong>.<br />
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You will be given a situation in the question in which you will have to break apart to find your answer. Don't get all worried if the subject of what you're reading doesn't seem familiar. The questions are not based on what you know prior or what you're familiar with. They are based on what you can dig up and retrieve from the actual text given. <br />
<div class="c8"> <span class="c7">According to the Official Guide for <span class="caps">GMAT</span> Review, there are 3 areas in which you will be working through…</span> </div><ol><li> <strong>Argument Construction</strong> </li>
<li> <strong>Argument Evaluation</strong> </li>
<li> <strong>Formulating and Evaluating a Plan of Action</strong> </li>
</ol><table><tbody>
<tr> <td class="c5"> <span class="c6"><strong>Argument Construction</strong></span><br />
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What is the structure of this passage? What arguments are being drawn throughout? Are there any conclusions being made, or assumptions along the way? You may find that there are similarities mirrored in different arguments, or that a research question is posed indirectly through the work. Try to delve into the reading and base what you find on the concrete structure that makes up the material.<br />
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<strong>Argument Evaluation</strong><br />
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Can you analyze this given text? Do you understand this certain argument?Are you able to take off your rose-colored lenses and see past the author's possible bias? </td> <td> <br />
</td> </tr>
</tbody></table><table><tbody>
<tr> <td> Where does the author have strength in their writing? What about weaknesses? This is putting what the arguments are into context of the whole. Asking yourself if the arguments fly and whether they're backed up will help you determine these questions. </td> </tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table><tbody>
<tr> <td> <strong>Formulating and Evaluating a Plan of Action</strong><br />
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How effective is this written work? How diverse is the plan of action provided? Is there an openness about it to leave room for other prospective research, points, arguments or findings? Are there any factors that come into play as far as arguments go, to strengthen or weaken their points? These questions cause you to inquire into the make-up of the plan of action provided. Your job is to see whether it makes sense.<br />
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The bottom line for all of these questions is to think critically. Put on that analyzer eyeglass and try to see beyond what the text is generally saying. Critically reason out and analyze each point, bias and statement. These questions test your ability to see the text from a critical perspective. </td> </tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table><tbody>
<tr> <td> Make sure to be careful while reading. Some statements are made generally whereas others are solid fact. Make sure you can distinguish between what is claimed by the facts and what is claimed by the author. Truth is an important factor here. </td> </tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table><tbody>
<tr> <td> Try to figure out where it falls. It may trick you and not actually fall at the end so be careful with that. These conclusions can help you think logically about the rest of the work you're analyzing. </td> </tr>
</tbody></table><br />
It is important that you clearly understand what the question is asking. Only then can you be solid in your answer. Read it carefully and then go to your text for reference. Some questions may seem awfully similar (resulting in people getting awfully confused) so make sure you've got your apples and oranges sorted out.<br />
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<strong>Answer Answer…</strong><br />
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Before purely picking the answer you may know is right, read all of the options just to be sure.<br />
<em>If you reason out the material with a critical eye and a knack for what the question requires of you, you can be sure you'll be set!</em>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8991418001668931770.post-88725394590667267612011-01-07T06:03:00.001+05:302011-01-15T17:08:45.410+05:30Journey to B-school: Tips to excel in GD, PI rounds<b>by</b> Pritika Ghura<br />
For all <span class="caps">MBA</span> aspirants, it is time to sharpen your communication and presentation skills. For it is time to gear up for GD and PI round. With the shortlists for GD-PI declared by <span class="caps">IIFT</span> recently the <span class="caps">MBA</span> aspirants have now woken up to the other realities on their journey to <span class="caps">MBA</span> and that is they have to make a mark in GD, Essay writing and personal interview round. <br />
In an attempt to help you ace these rounds and help you make the correct impression in front of the panel of interviewers, Learnhub gives you tips to ace these rounds. One must remember the institute is checking your attitude, how well you structure to your thoughts, your problem solving skills and "how he/she approaches any question or problem. <br />
For Group Discussions, reading a lot helps. You should be assertive but not imposing. You should be able to contribute to the discussion but at the same time let others speak. It will show how you conduct yourself in a board room. You can get hold of a book which covers the Do's and Don'ts of case GDs along with a few practice cases. Each and every coaching institute have these GD books. Another interesting idea is that you can try and form a group with like-minded friends and discuss these practice cases. <br />
For Interview round make sure you're dressed formally and have a clean look. You should go with an open mind, positive mindset and self confidence. You can be asked anything under the sun and no one expects you to know all the answers but it is important is how you approach the answer. Please remember you should model your interview in such a manner that it meets the expectations of the particular institute. Do not appear nervous. For practice, you can organise mock interviews with family/ friends. <br />
There are always a few typical questions like "Why <span class="caps">MBA</span>?" "What are your long-term and short-term career goals? How <span class="caps">MBA</span> will help you achieve these goals?" "Which specialisation you would like to opt for and why?" You might be asked questions about any drop in education or a sharp fall in marks at any stage - you should be prepared with the answers beforehand. <br />
The key to success in these rounds is reading, practicing and talking to lot of successful people who have graduated from top B-schools.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8991418001668931770.post-75514944480361181242011-01-07T06:01:00.001+05:302011-01-15T17:09:30.731+05:30CAT 2010 Results 'Leak' leaves students in a tizzy<b>by</b> Pritika Ghura<br />
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Was the official website for <span class="caps">CAT</span> result hacked? Or was it just a test being done by the Indian Institute of Management-Lucknow? All these and many more questions were boggling the mind of the aspirants since Monday. Some of the aspirants, who have taken this CAT<a href="http://cat.learnhub.com/-2010"><span class="caps"></span></a> exam, claimed that they had seen their result on the <span class="caps">CAT</span> official website on Monday, much before the official result declaration date 12th January, 2010. <br />
While, rumours of <span class="caps">CAT</span> 2010 result being spread all over the country since Monday, the <span class="caps">IIM</span>-L team which is handling the official website said that they were just testing the portal. News of the official result website being hacked shocked aspirants and also caused panic among them. <br />
As the rumour spread all over, the IIMs, and the online testing company, the US-based Prometric Service Limited which has conducted the test for the IIMs, were flooded with queries about the data leakage and hacking of the website. <br />
One students said over this issue that he too checked the site, but he had seen some result on the website on Monday morning , but the result were of <span class="caps">CAT</span>-2009.<br />
"We heard about some students learning of their <span class="caps">CAT</span> results on Monday but when we logged on ourselves, we got to see the 2009 results," the student said. "Later, we found out that this might have happened because of irrelevant data being uploaded to test the website." <br />
The team clarified that the portal was not hacked. Some tests were being done before the actual uploading of the result data on 12th January, 2010. Prof Himanshu Rai of <span class="caps">IIM</span>-Lucknow, who is the overall in-charge of <span class="caps">CAT</span>-2010, said, "The official results website does not possess any information that can lead to a leakage of the results. The official website- www.catiim.in - is down as we are testing it with data in preparation for the uploading of the results on January 12." Rai also added, "It has not been hacked." He said that the results will be out as scheduled but till then the website might occasionally go off the internet because of test runs with dummy data.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8991418001668931770.post-76594489865233713952009-09-22T23:18:00.000+05:302009-09-22T23:18:02.820+05:30Mock CAT Tests for more practise for Online CATDear Readers,<br />
As you all know that CAT is online this year and we all know pros and cons of Online CAT. Obviously we all are trying to adapt new methods so as to achieve our goal at all. But there is one thing which is same as paper pencil CAT i.e. <b>PRACTICE</b>. It hasn't changed. We have to do more and more practice.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVKbm5UkI5ifr4pJfxEk4sQx59zpUVotBcQe4gHpUwawLr71l5D-JpU4rPjqEVqyptwFq54xAMpYufzDcoFccUbg2LN4GEmm7OgMT2F9wi1ClZiZeaYaZm8bWre-lxXNDetQfJZ_63X0A/s1600-h/prac.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVKbm5UkI5ifr4pJfxEk4sQx59zpUVotBcQe4gHpUwawLr71l5D-JpU4rPjqEVqyptwFq54xAMpYufzDcoFccUbg2LN4GEmm7OgMT2F9wi1ClZiZeaYaZm8bWre-lxXNDetQfJZ_63X0A/s320/prac.bmp" /></a><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">If the practice is online then nothing is better than that. We also know that there are a number of websites which are providing free mock tests but the quality of those questions is nowhere near original CAT. So I have collected some mock tests which are much better in qualities. I don't want to be indulged in copyright things so if anyone don't think its right, he should not download these tests because these tests are for help of CAT aspirants. Following is the link to download those mock tests.<br />
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</div><div style="font-size: 9pt; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-top: 3px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-size: small;">http://rapidshare.com/files/283557734/mock.rar</span><br />
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</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Thank You<br />
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</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8991418001668931770.post-45619939235594889172009-09-08T22:12:00.000+05:302009-09-08T22:12:12.999+05:30Important Words List (Very Important in Verbal Sections of CAT, GMAT, GRE, XAT, SNAP, IIFT etc)<b>Words Starting from <span style="font-size: large;">"A"</span><br />
</b><br />
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<b>amphitheater </b>(BRITISH = amphitheatre) = oval-shaped theater<br />
<b>anathema </b>= curse, ban<br />
<b>annul </b>= cancel, nullify<br />
<b>anodyne </b>= pain soothing<br />
<b>anoint </b>= consecrate, to apply oil, especially as a sacred rite<br />
<b>anonymity </b>= state of being anonymous, having no name<br />
<b>antediluvian </b>= ancient, obsolete, pre historic<br />
<b>antithesis </b>= direct opposite<br />
<b>apathetic </b>= unconcerned, indifferent<br />
<b>aphasia </b>= inability to speak or use words<br />
<b>aphorism </b>= maxim, old saying<br />
<b>aplomb </b>= poise, confidence<br />
<b>apocryphal </b>= a doubtful authenticity, not genuine, fictional<br />
<b>apostate </b>= one who abandons one's faith<br />
<b>apotheosis </b>= Deification, glorification<br />
<b>approbation </b>= praise, official approval<br />
<b>archaic </b>= Antiquated, from an earlier time<br />
<b>archipelago </b>= group of islands<br />
<b>ardor </b>(BRITISH = ardour) = great emotion or passion<br />
<b>arraign </b>= indict, to call to court to answer a charge<br />
<b>arrogate </b>= seize without right, to demand or claim arrogantly<br />
<b>ascendancy </b>= powerful state<br />
<b>ascribe </b>= to attribute<br />
<b>ashen </b>= resembling ashes, or deathly pale<br />
<b>asinine </b>= stupid<br />
<b>askance </b>= to view with suspicion, scornfully<br />
<b>askew </b>= crooked, tilted<br />
<b>aspersion </b>= slander, false rumor, damaging report<br />
<b>assail </b>= attack<br />
<b>assent </b>= to express agreement<br />
<b>assiduous </b>= hard-working, diligent, persistent<br />
<b>assuage </b>= lessen (pain), to make less severe, ease<br />
<b>astringent </b>= causing contraction, severe, harsh<br />
<b>asunder </b>= apart, into different parts<br />
<b>atone </b>= make amends for a wrong<br />
<b>august </b>= noble, dignified, awe-inspiring, venerable<br />
<b>avow </b>= declare<br />
<b>awry </b>= crooked, askew, amiss<br />
<b>axiom </b>= self-evident truth, premise, postulateUnknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8991418001668931770.post-18301787235234523742009-09-08T21:52:00.000+05:302009-09-08T21:52:10.696+05:30Group Discussion Topic 3: “WILL THE NUCLEAR DEAL HELP INDIA TO DEVLOP FASTER?”The Indo-U.S. civilian nuclear agreement is the name commonly attributed to a bilateral agreement on nuclear cooperation between the United States of America and India. The framework for this agreement was a joint statement by the Indian Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh and his U.S counterpart Mr. George. W. Bush, under which India agreed to separate its civil and military nuclear facilities and place civil facilities under international atomic energy agency (IAEA) safeguards and in exchange, the United States agreed to work towards full civil nuclear cooperation with India.<br />
On August 1, 2008, the IAEA approved the safeguards agreement with India, after which the United States approached the nuclear suppliers group (NSG) to grant a waiver to India to commence civilian nuclear trade. The 45-nation NSG granted the waiver to India on September 6, 2008, allowing it to access civilian nuclear technology and fuel from other countries. The implementation of this waiver makes India the only known country with nuclear weapons which is not a party to the non proliferation treaty (NPT) but is still allowed to carry out nuclear commerce with the rest of the world.<br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Arguments against the topic</b></span><br />
· Despite the best of the technical efforts the per unit energy produced by nuclear resources continues to be the costliest at close to Rs. 3.35 per unit energy compared to its other counter parts such as coal and hydro forms which cost us close to Rs.1.25 and Rs.2.5 per unit energy respectively. So, as of now, the nuclear deal is not something to go “high” about.<br />
· The nuclear deal does not pave off instant development because even if the deal is okayed it will take nearly 8 years to get implemented and that’s an official verdict. Looking at the Indian scenario it might very well take a decade.<br />
· The nuclear deal has been signed under the 123 agreement which clearly states as per the official norms that any “party” (word used with reference to the country) signing the deal cannot use the nuclear resources for defence purposes either directly or indirectly, which means that India cannot do any more nuclear tests.<br />
· Even if the ‘by product’ of the deal (official word used for nuclear resources by the United States in the 123 agreement) gets available to us cheaply the biggest hurdle would be to get rid of the radioactive waste which would be left after the utilization of nuclear resources, unfortunately few have got the infrastructure to get rid of it.<br />
· Looking at the current security status of our country “the biggest challenge would be to make sure the nuclear resources do not get into the wrong hands” which might not only prove to be the biggest security threat for our country but for the whole world as well.<br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Arguments in favor of the topic</b></span><br />
· Looking at the way the population is increasing along with the effort of the Indian government to push the “LPG” reforms post 1991, the concerns of energy security cannot be neglected. The best way to secure the massive needs of infrastructure development is to shift to the next level of energy sufficiency, and nuclear energy is surely the way ahead.<br />
· The ever expanding energy demand is expected to increase by 7 folds in the coming 15 years if we want to achieve the target set by the planning commission in the form of “vision 2025” it is a must to get rid of the dependence on non-renewable source of energy such as coal, and the “deal” surely will help us reach that higher level of self dependence.<br />
· India has always advocated the fact that it firmly stands by its commitment of “nonproliferation” of nuclear arms and armaments, so the “deal” will send a positive signal to the international community which will further help us to increase international cooperation along the lines to international trade and hence developing the economy.<br />
· The biggest competitor that India has faced in the race of development comes in the form of the neighbouring country, China, nuclear energy will surely help us compete neck-toneck with China, and the stiff rivalries will indirectly benefit the consumers counting on the development of our economy as a whole.<br />
· The deal will play a crucial role in the growth of employment in the infrastructure and the manufacturing sector, as massive infrastructure will be required for setting up nuclear power plants. With various other technical requirements, surely the Indian manufacturing, engineering and the real estate companies will be in for moolah.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8991418001668931770.post-75874775962559433512009-09-04T15:07:00.001+05:302009-09-04T15:07:38.180+05:30Answers of Reasoning test for practice1. D 2. A 3. E 4. B 5. C<br />
6. B 7. D 8. D 9. E 10. C<br />
11. B 12. A 13. E 14. E 15. A<br />
16. A 17. B 18. C 19. C 20. BUnknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8991418001668931770.post-23459654348535113732009-09-04T15:00:00.005+05:302009-09-04T15:08:52.328+05:30Reasoning test for practice<meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"></meta><meta content="Word.Document" name="ProgId"></meta><meta content="Microsoft Word 10" name="Generator"></meta><meta content="Microsoft Word 10" name="Originator"></meta><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CSingh%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><o:smarttagtype name="place" namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"></o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype name="country-region" namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"></o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype name="City" namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"></o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype name="PlaceName" namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"></o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype name="PlaceType" namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"></o:smarttagtype><style>
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<div class="wenti2" style="margin: 6pt 0in 2.4pt 17.3pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">1. Below is an excerpt from a letter that was sent by the chairman of a corporation to the stockholders.</div><div class="tiwen" style="margin: 2.4pt 0in 2.4pt 5.7pt;">A number of charges have been raised against me, some serious, some trivial. Individuals seeking to control the corporation for their own purposes have demanded my resignation. Remember that no court of law in any state has found me guilty of any criminal offense whatsoever. In the American tradition, as you know, an individual is considered innocent until proven guilty. Furthermore, as the corporation’s unbroken six-year record of growth will show, my conduct of my official duties as chairman has only helped enhance the success of the corporation, and so benefited every stockholder.</div><div class="tiwen" style="margin: 2.4pt 0in 2.4pt 5.7pt;">Which of the following can be properly inferred from the excerpt?</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(A) The chairman believes that all those who have demanded his resignation are motivated by desire to control the corporation for their own purposes.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(B) Any misdeeds that the chairman may have committed were motivated by his desire to enhance the success of the corporation.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(C) The chairman is innocent of any criminal offense.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(D) The corporation has expanded steadily over the past six years.<span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">(</span><span style="color: blue; display: none;">D</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">)</span></div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(E) Any legal proceedings against the chairman have resulted in his acquittal.</div><div class="wenti2" style="margin: 6pt 0in 2.4pt 17.3pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">2. In the years since the city of <st1:city><st1:place>London</st1:place></st1:city> imposed strict air-pollution regulations on local industry, the number of bird species seen in and around <st1:city><st1:place>London</st1:place></st1:city> has increased dramatically. Similar air-pollution rules should be imposed in other major cities.</div><div class="tiwen" style="margin: 2.4pt 0in 2.4pt 5.7pt;">Each of the following is an assumption made in the argument above EXCEPT:</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(A) In most major cities, air-pollution problems are caused almost entirely by local industry.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(B) Air-pollution regulations on industry have a significant impact on the quality of the air.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(C) The air-pollution problems of other major cities are basically similar to those once suffered by <st1:city><st1:place>London</st1:place></st1:city>.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(D) An increase in the number of bird species in and around a city is desirable.<span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">(</span><span style="color: blue; display: none;">A</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">)</span></div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(E) The increased sightings of bird species in and around <st1:city><st1:place>London</st1:place></st1:city> reflect an actual increase in the number of species in the area.</div><div class="wenti2" style="margin: 6pt 0in 2.4pt 17.3pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">3. Which of the following best completes the passage below?</div><div class="tiwen" style="margin: 2.4pt 0in 2.4pt 5.7pt;">In opposing government regulation of business, conservatives often appeal to the Jeffersonian ideal of limited government, expressing the wish that government would “get off the backs of the American people.” Yet, paradoxically, many of these same conservatives address questions of private morality, such as those dealing with sexual behavior, by calling for______</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(A) a return to the restrictive sexual morality of the Victorian era</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(B) a strengthening of the role of the family in setting moral norms for society</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(C) a limitation on the amount of sexually provocative material appearing in books, motives, and television shows</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(D) greater freedom for individuals to choose their own way of handling sexual issues<span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">(</span><span style="color: blue; display: none;">E</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">)</span></div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(E) an increased governmental role in the regulation and control of private sexual behavior</div><div class="Q" style="margin: 6pt 0in 2.4pt;">Questions 4-5 are based on the following:</div><div class="dingge" style="margin: 6pt 0in 2.4pt;">In an experiment, two different types of recorded music were played for neonates in adjacent nurseries in a hospital. In nursery A, classical music was played; in nursery B, rock music was played. After two weeks, it was found that the babies in nursery A cried less, suffered fewer minor ailments, and gained more weight than did the babies in nursery B.</div><div class="wenti2" style="margin: 6pt 0in 2.4pt 17.3pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">4. In evaluating the validity of the conclusion suggested by the experiment above, it would be most important to know which of the following?</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(A) The musical preferences of the parents of the two groups of newborns</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(B) Whether the newborns in both nurseries were equally healthy and happy at the start of the experiment</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(C) Whether loud rock music can damage the hearing of newborns</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(D) What the average weight of the neonates was before and after the experiment<span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">(</span><span style="color: blue; display: none;">B</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">)</span></div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(E) Whether the music was played in the nurseries at all times or only at certain times</div><div class="wenti2" style="margin: 6pt 0in 2.4pt 17.3pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">5. Which of the following additional experimental data would support the hypothesis that classical music is beneficial to the development of newborn?</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(A) The neonates in a nursery where no music was played fared better than those in nursery B.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(B) Nursery A contained 15 percent more premature babies than nursery B.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(C) The newborns in nursery A cried less, suffered fewer minor ailments, and gained more weight than did newborns in a nursery with no music.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(D) The music played in nursery A was louder than that played in nursery B.<span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">(</span><span style="color: blue; display: none;">C</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">)</span></div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(E) The ratio of nurses to newborns in nursery B was 1 to 4; in nursery A, it was 1 to 6.</div><div class="wenti2" style="margin: 6pt 0in 2.4pt 17.3pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">6. The ancient city of <st1:city>Cephesa</st1:city> was not buried by an eruption of <st1:place><st1:placetype>Mt.</st1:placetype> <st1:placename>Amnos</st1:placename></st1:place> in A.D. 310, as some believe. The eruption in the year 310 damaged the city, but it did not destroy it. Cephesa survived for another century before it finally met its destruction in another eruption around A.D. 415.</div><div class="tiwen" style="margin: 2.4pt 0in 2.4pt 5.7pt;">Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the author’s claim that the city of <st1:city>Cephesa</st1:city> was not buried by the eruption of <st1:place><st1:placetype>Mt.</st1:placetype> <st1:placename>Amnos</st1:placename></st1:place> in A.D. 310?</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(A) The city of <st1:place><st1:city>Cephesa</st1:city></st1:place> is mentioned in a historical work known to have been written in A.D. 400.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(B) Coins bearing the image of an emperor who lived around A.D. 410 have been discovered in the ruins of Cephesa, which were preserved by the cinders and ashes that buried the city.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(C) Geological evidence shows that the eruption of <st1:placetype>Mt.</st1:placetype> <st1:placename>Amnos</st1:placename> in A.D. 415 deposited a 10-foot-thick layer of lava on the city of <st1:place><st1:city>Cephesa</st1:city></st1:place>.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(D) Artworks from the city of <st1:place><st1:city>Cephesa</st1:city></st1:place> have been found in the ruins of another city known to have been destroyed in A.D. 420.<span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">(</span><span style="color: blue; display: none;">B</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">)</span></div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(E) A historical work written in A.D. 430 refers to the eruption of <st1:place><st1:placetype>Mt.</st1:placetype> <st1:placename>Amnos</st1:placename></st1:place> in A.D. 415.</div><div class="wenti2" style="margin: 6pt 0in 2.4pt 17.3pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">7. June is taller than Kristin.</div><div class="tiwen" style="margin: 2.4pt 0in 2.4pt 5.7pt;">Letty is taller than Maria.</div><div class="tiwen" style="margin: 2.4pt 0in 2.4pt 5.7pt;">Maria is shorter than <st1:place><st1:city>Nancy</st1:city></st1:place>.</div><div class="tiwen" style="margin: 2.4pt 0in 2.4pt 5.7pt;">Kristin and Nancy are exactly the same height.</div><div class="tiwen" style="margin: 2.4pt 0in 2.4pt 5.7pt;">If the information above is true, which of the following must also be true?</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(A) Letty is taller than <st1:place><st1:city>Nancy</st1:city></st1:place>.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(B) Letty is taller than June.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(C) Kristin is shorter than Letty.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(D) June is taller than Maria.<span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">(</span><span style="color: blue; display: none;">D</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">)</span></div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(E) Kristin is shorter than Maria.</div><div class="wenti2" style="margin: 6pt 0in 2.4pt 17.3pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">8. Current farm policy is institutionalized penalization of consumers. It increases food prices for middle- and low-income families and costs the taxpayer billions of dollars a year.</div><div class="tiwen" style="margin: 2.4pt 0in 2.4pt 5.7pt;">Which of the following statements, if true, would provide support for the author’s claims above?</div><div class="I-IV" style="margin-left: 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">I. Farm subsidies amount to roughly $20 billion a year in federal payouts and $12 billion more in higher food prices.</div><div class="I-IV" style="margin-left: 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">II. According to a study by the Department of Agriculture, each $1 of benefits provided to farmers for ethanol production costs consumers and taxpayers $4.</div><div class="I-IV" style="margin-left: 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">III. The average full-time farmers have an average net worth of over $300,000.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(A) I only</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(B) II only</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(C) III only</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(D) I and II only<span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">(</span><span style="color: blue; display: none;">D</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">)</span></div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(E) I, II, and III</div><div class="wenti2" style="margin: 6pt 0in 2.4pt 17.3pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">9. Reva: Using extraneous incentives to get teenagers to change their attitude toward school and schoolwork won’t work. Take the program in <st1:place><st1:state>West Virginia</st1:state></st1:place>, for instance, where they tried to reduce their dropout rate by revoking the driving licenses of kids who left school. The program failed miserably.</div><div class="tiwen" style="margin: 2.4pt 0in 2.4pt 5.7pt;">Anne: It’s true that the <st1:place><st1:state>West Virginia</st1:state></st1:place> program failed, but many schools have devised incentive programs that have been very successful in improving attendance and reducing discipline problems.</div><div class="tiwen" style="margin: 2.4pt 0in 2.4pt 5.7pt;">According to Anne, the weak point in Reva’s claim is that it</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(A) fails to consider the possibility that the majority of potential dropouts in <st1:place><st1:state>West Virginia</st1:state></st1:place> do not have driving licenses</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(B) doesn’t provide any exact figures for the dropout rate in <st1:place><st1:state>West Virginia</st1:state></st1:place> before and during the program</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(C) ignores a substantial body of evidence showing that parents and employers have been using extrinsic incentives with positive results for years</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(D) assumes that a positive incentive—a prize or a reward—will be no more effective than a negative incentive, like the revoking of a driving license<span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">(</span><span style="color: blue; display: none;">E</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">)</span></div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(E) is based on a single example, the incentive program in <st1:place><st1:state>West Virginia</st1:state></st1:place>, which may not be typical</div><div class="wenti2" style="margin: 6pt 0in 2.4pt 17.3pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">10. In many surveys, American consumers have expressed a willingness to spend up to 10 percent more for products that are ecologically sound. Encouraged by such surveys, Bleach-O Corporation promoted a new laundry detergent, Bleach-O Green, as safer for the environment. Bleach-O Green cost 5 percent more than typical detergents. After one year, Bleach-O Green had failed to capture a significant share of the detergent market and was withdrawn from sale.</div><div class="tiwen" style="margin: 2.4pt 0in 2.4pt 5.7pt;">Which of the following questions is LEAST likely to be relevant in determining the reasons for the failure of Bleach-O Green?</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(A) How effective as a detergent was Bleach-O Green?</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(B) How many other detergents on the market were promoted as safe for the environment?</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(C) How much more did Bleach-O Green cost to manufacture than ordinary detergents?</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(D) To what extent did consumers accept the validity of Bleach-O Green advertised and promoted to consumers?<span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">(</span><span style="color: blue; display: none;">C</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">)</span></div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(E) How effectively was Bleach-O Green advertised and promoted to consumers?</div><div class="wenti2" style="margin: 6pt 0in 2.4pt 17.3pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">11. The burden of maintaining the <st1:place><st1:country-region>U.S.</st1:country-region></st1:place> highway system falls disproportionately on the trucking industry. Trucks represent only about 10 percent of the vehicles on <st1:place><st1:country-region>U.S.</st1:country-region></st1:place> roads. Yet road use taxes assessed on trucks amount to almost half the taxes paid for highway upkeep and repair.</div><div class="tiwen" style="margin: 2.4pt 0in 2.4pt 5.7pt;">Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument above?</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(A) The trucking industry has enjoyed record after-tax profits in three of the past four years.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(B) Because of their weight, trucks cause over 50 percent of the damage sustained by highway surfaces each year.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(C) Without an economically viable trucking industry, the cost of goods in the <st1:place><st1:country-region>United States</st1:country-region></st1:place> would rise significantly.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(D) Road use taxes paid by trucking companies have decreased by 3 percent over the past five years.<span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">(</span><span style="color: blue; display: none;">B</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">)</span></div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(E) Due to years of neglect, <st1:place><st1:country-region>U.S.</st1:country-region></st1:place> highways today are badly in need of major repairs and rebuilding.</div><div class="wenti2" style="margin: 6pt 0in 2.4pt 17.3pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">12. The upcoming presidential election in the West African <st1:place><st1:placetype>republic</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename>Ganelon</st1:placename></st1:place> is of grave concern to the U.S. State Department. Ganelon presently has strong political and military ties to the <st1:place><st1:country-region>United States</st1:country-region></st1:place>. However, the Socialist party is widely expected to win the election, leading to fears that Ganelon will soon break away from the pro-American bloc and adopt a nonaligned or openly anti-American stance.</div><div class="tiwen" style="margin: 2.4pt 0in 2.4pt 5.7pt;">Which of the following is an assumption made in the passage above?</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(A) A Socialist party government in Ganelon is more likely to oppose the <st1:place><st1:country-region>United States</st1:country-region></st1:place> than is a non-Socialist party government.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(B) The people of the <st1:country-region>United States</st1:country-region> recognize their nation’s interest in the political stability of <st1:place>West Africa</st1:place>.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(C) A weakening of <st1:country-region>U.S.</st1:country-region> political ties with Ganelon could have serious consequences for <st1:place><st1:country-region>U.S.</st1:country-region></st1:place> relations with other African nations.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(D) The Socialist party leaders in Ganelon believe that their nation’s interests would best be served by an alliance with anti-American forces.<span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">(</span><span style="color: blue; display: none;">A</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">)</span></div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(E) The Socialist party will win the upcoming election in Ganelon.</div><div class="wenti2" style="margin: 6pt 0in 2.4pt 17.3pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">13. No nation can long survive unless its people are united by a common tongue. For proof, we need only consider <st1:country-region>Canada</st1:country-region>, which is being torn asunder by conflicts between French-speaking <st1:place><st1:state>Quebec</st1:state></st1:place> and the other provinces, which are dominated by English speakers.</div><div class="tiwen" style="margin: 2.4pt 0in 2.4pt 5.7pt;">Which of the following, if true, most effectively challenges the author’s conclusion?</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(A) Conflicts over language have led to violent clashes between the Basque-speaking minority in <st1:place><st1:country-region>Spain</st1:country-region></st1:place> and the Spanish-speaking majority.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(B) Proposals to declare English the official language of the <st1:place><st1:country-region>United States</st1:country-region></st1:place> have met with resistance from members of Hispanic and other minority groups.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(C) Economic and political differences, along with linguistic ones, have contributed to the provincial conflicts in <st1:place><st1:country-region>Canada</st1:country-region></st1:place>.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(D) The public of <st1:place><st1:country-region>India</st1:country-region></st1:place>, in existence sine 1948, has a population that speaks hundreds of different, though related, languages.<span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">(</span><span style="color: blue; display: none;">E</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">)</span></div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(E) <st1:place><st1:country-region>Switzerland</st1:country-region></st1:place> has survived for nearly a thousand years as a home for speakers of three different languages.</div><div class="wenti2" style="margin: 6pt 0in 2.4pt 17.3pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">14. As an experienced labor organizer and the former head of one of the nation’s most powerful labor unions, Grayson is an excellent choice to chair the new council on business-labor relations.</div><div class="tiwen" style="margin: 2.4pt 0in 2.4pt 5.7pt;">Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the conclusion above?</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(A) The new council must have the support of the nation’s labor leaders if it is to succeed.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(B) During his years as a labor leader, Grayson established a record of good relations with business leaders.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(C) The chair of the new council must be a person who can communicate directly with the leaders of the nation’s largest labor unions.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(D) Most of the other members of the new council will be representatives of business management interests.<span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">(</span><span style="color: blue; display: none;">E</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">)</span></div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(E) An understanding of the needs and problems of labor is the only qualification necessary for the job of chairing the new council.</div><div class="wenti2" style="margin: 6pt 0in 2.4pt 17.3pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">15. In the effort to fire a Civil Service employee, his or her manager may have to spend up to $100,000 of tax money. Since Civil Service employees know how hard it is to fire them, they tend to loaf. This explains in large part why the government is so inefficient.</div><div class="tiwen" style="margin: 2.4pt 0in 2.4pt 5.7pt;">It can be properly inferred on the basis of the statements above that the author believes which of the following?</div><div class="I-IV" style="margin-left: 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">I. Too much job security can have a negative influence on workers.</div><div class="I-IV" style="margin-left: 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">II. More government workers should be fired.</div><div class="I-IV" style="margin-left: 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">III. Most government workers are Civil Service employees.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(A) I only</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(B) I and III only</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(C) II only</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(D) I, II, and III<span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">(</span><span style="color: blue; display: none;">A</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">)</span></div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(E) III only</div><div class="wenti2" style="margin: 6pt 0in 2.4pt 17.3pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">16. Some commentators complain that a “litigation explosion” in the past decade has led to unreasonably high costs for <st1:place><st1:country-region>U.S.</st1:country-region></st1:place> businesses by encouraging more product liability suits against manufacturers. However, these complaints are based mainly on myth. Statistics show that the number of successful product liability suits has remained almost the same, and the average sum awarded in damages has grown no faster than the inflation rate.</div><div class="tiwen" style="margin: 2.4pt 0in 2.4pt 5.7pt;">Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument above?</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(A) The number of unsuccessful suits has skyrocketed, imposing huge new legal expenses on businesses.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(B) Several of the largest awards ever made in product liability cases occurred within the last two years.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(C) The rise of the consumer movement has encouraged citizens to seek legal redress for product flaws.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(D) Lawyers often undertake product liability cases on a contingency basis, so their payment is based on the size of the damages awarded.<span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">(</span><span style="color: blue; display: none;">A</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">)</span></div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(E) Juries often award damages in product liability suits out of emotional sympathy for an injured consumer.</div><div class="wenti2" style="margin: 6pt 0in 2.4pt 17.3pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">17. Ronald: According to my analysis of the national economy, housing prices should not increase during the next six months unless interest rates drop significantly.</div><div class="tiwen" style="margin: 2.4pt 0in 2.4pt 5.7pt;">Mark: I disagree. One year ago, when interest rates last fell significantly, housing prices did not increase at all.</div><div class="tiwen" style="margin: 2.4pt 0in 2.4pt 5.7pt;">It can be inferred from the conversation above that Mark has interpreted Ronald’s statement to mean that</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(A) housing prices will rise only if interest rates fall</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(B) if interest rates fall, housing prices must rise</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(C) interest rates and housing prices tend to rise and fall together</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(D) interest rates are the only significant economic factor affecting housing prices<span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">(</span><span style="color: blue; display: none;">B</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">)</span></div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(E) interest rates are likely to fall significantly in the next six months</div><div class="wenti2" style="margin: 6pt 0in 2.4pt 17.3pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">18. It’s time we stopped searching for new statistics to suggest that we are not spending enough on education. In fact, education spending increased 30 percent overall during the last decade.</div><div class="tiwen" style="margin: 2.4pt 0in 2.4pt 5.7pt;">Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument above?</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(A) Despite increased spending on education, enrollment in our elementary and secondary schools declined about 4 percent during the last ten years.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(B) Our spending on gasoline increased more than 100 percent during the last decade.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(C) When adjusted for inflation, our per-pupil expenditure on education this year is less than it was ten years ago.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(D) Eleven other economically developed nations spend more on education than we do.<span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">(</span><span style="color: blue; display: none;">C</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">)</span></div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(E) The achievement levels of our students have been declining steadily since 1960, and the last decade produced no reversal in this trend.</div><div class="wenti2" style="margin: 6pt 0in 2.4pt 17.3pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">19. The <st1:place><st1:country-region>U.S.</st1:country-region></st1:place> census is not perfect: thousands of Americans probably go uncounted. However, the basic statistical portrait of the nation painted by the census is accurate. Certainly some of the poor go uncounted, particularly the homeless; but some of the rich go uncounted as well, because they are often abroad or traveling between one residence and another.</div><div class="tiwen" style="margin: 2.4pt 0in 2.4pt 5.7pt;">Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument above depends?</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(A) Both the rich and the poor have personal and economic reasons to avoid being counted by the census.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(B) All Americans may reasonably be classified as either poor or rich.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(C) The percentage of poor Americans uncounted by the census is close to the percentage of rich Americans uncounted.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(D) The number of homeless Americans is approximately equal to the number of rich Americans.<span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">(</span><span style="color: blue; display: none;">C</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">)</span></div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(E) The primary purpose of the census is to analyze the economic status of the American population.</div><div class="wenti2" style="margin: 6pt 0in 2.4pt 17.3pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">20. Which of the following best completes the passage below?</div><div class="tiwen" style="margin: 2.4pt 0in 2.4pt 5.7pt;">In today’s pluralistic society, textbook publishers find themselves in an increasingly uncomfortable position. Since the schools are regarded as a repository of society’s moral and cultural values, each group within society wishes to prevent any material that offends its own values from appearing in textbooks. As a result, stance on an issue is certain to run afoul of one group or another. And since textbook publishers must rely on community goodwill to sell their books, it is inevitable that______</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(A) fewer and fewer publishers will be willing to enter the financially uncertain textbook industry</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(B) the ethical and moral content of textbooks will become increasingly neutral and bland</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(C) more and more pressure groups will arise that seek to influence the content of textbooks</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(D) the government will be forced to intervene in the increasingly rancorous debate over the content of textbooks<span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">(</span><span style="color: blue; display: none;">B</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">)</span></div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(E) school boards, teachers, and principals will find it nearly impossible to choose among the variety of textbooks being offered</div><br />
<div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"></div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 23.7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><a href="http://mbadreamtrue.blogspot.com/2009/09/answers-of-reasononhg-test-for-practice.html"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Answers of above questions are here. </b></span></a><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Thank You </b></span></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8991418001668931770.post-77581969431386969762009-08-31T21:29:00.000+05:302009-08-31T21:29:12.965+05:30Success Stories 3 (Motivational and Real Stories of CAT Success)<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>Amit Agarwal, IIM Calcutta, Batch of<br />
2008-10</b></span><br />
<b>Username on PaGaLGuY: amitnsitian</b><br />
<br />
A Journey called CAT IIM – The acronym every B-Schooler aspires for in India. I being not too different from others had similar aspirations, desires and dreams. Oh yes, forgot to mention the common full form of IIM is Indian Institute of Management; but I came to know of another full form during this journey, which will be eventually revealed to all. !Umm…where do I start from? Let me go back to April of the year 2000. It was the time when my sister made it to the well… Joka land. it was the time when I was preparing for my engineering and had already made up my mind to make it to an IIM.!<br />
First two and a half years of Engineering went fine but it's generally in the third year when one starts<br />
thinking about what next! Then I joined Career Launcher in Delhi in my fifth semester and little did I know that I was not the only one aspiring in my batch. I met the junta of Netaji Subhash Institute of Technology (NSIT) there. The classes started and very soon I realized the weakest link for me to the ultimate goal – the VERBAL part. Anyhow, my senior gave me this wonderful advice of taking CAT in the third year to get a "feel" of the<br />
exam. I liked the idea and finally took it. And yes, at that time, CAT had no rule which barred people<br />
taking the exam who are not in their final years. I think it is because of people like me that they thought of this rule. It's good to be a reason which made IIMs take a policy decision.!<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>CAT No. 1: Year 2002 in November!</b></span><br />
It was a normal 3 section paper in which I had no pressure to perform. The paper went fine and it was the first time wherein the percentiles were to be revealed. Moving to the results, QA was 99.5 percent with an 86 odd in DI and some 65 in verbal. This clearly told me where I had to work on – as if I didn’t know it before. <b>!Jan 2003 – Oct 2003 </b>– The time when all of my friends, classmates and everyone and anyone was a CAT aspirant. It was good to be in excellent company and I think that competition forced me to prepare for the exam which eventually I think I did.!<br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;">CAT No. 2: Year 2003 in November!</span></b><br />
Was I nervous??!! I WAS. This was the day, the time, the 2 hours which are going to decide the future for me. I still remember how the exam went. The sound of opening the sheet, the answer sheet being filled, the sweat, the tension – everything is still like a movie in my mind. Anyhow, in the end I was quite happy with my performance in DI and QA . Also, I knew that I had done well in Verbal because the two RCs which I attempted in the exam were luckily from some of the test mock papers of the institutes. !But then disaster struck as soon as I crossed the gates of the school of my centre when my mother told me, "Amit, CAT is<br />
cancelled. The paper got LEAKED last night. "!I was like noooooooooooooo, it's difficult to give your best<br />
again. Well, with no option left in life, I started preparing for my semester exams. !Forgot to mention this, three weeks before CAT, I had a disc collapse in my back which forced me into bed rest for two weeks which also meant no studies, nothing. However, I think that did not have any adverse effects on my CAT preparation. !Ah yeah, had that CAT not been cancelled, I would have never joined PaGaLGuY.com.! Year 2004 came and I had already done the greatest mistake of my life by filling just 3 forms – CAT, XAT and MDI. The XAT exam was next and with so much verbal focus that I knew it was difficult to clear it. But then trying was important, which I did and eventually failed also. But since CAT was still there, I thought to<br />
myself that I still have a chance to make it to my dream school.!<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b> </b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>CAT No. 3: Year 2004 in February!</b></span><br />
After being there already, I was not as nervous but yeah, pressure to perform kills you. The exam was little on the tougher side but it went fine. In this Internet age, the solutions were out by the evening but I had decided not to check till the next day. !Next day, I started checking my paper. As always, I started here also with Quant. The performance was sufficient enough to clear the cut-off. I don't know what prompted me to check verbal next. I did and was amazed to see my score and was already jumping in my room but hang on, story is not over yet.! I checked DI then and my world came crashing down. I had attempted four caselets and got two of them ABSOLUTELY WRONG!!! I scored a single digit in DI; it was something I was not prepared for, why why why!!! After not being able to make it in IIT-JEE because of Maths, again DI did me in.! Crying made me no better and I knew that it was bye bye IIMs and MDI.! The results came out as expected and I was prepared for it. Some of my close friends had all six calls or single call or some calls at least. Most of them made it and then we parted on our different paths in life.! I joined HCL Technologies in Delhi in July and was sure of cracking CAT this time. One intelligent thing that I did this time was widening my B-School list – IIMs, XLRI, NITIE, MDI, SPJain, IIFT and FMS. This meant I had to take four exams this time and that too with my job. Also, somehow I got a really good project in the company which required me put in a lot of effort. I could have avoided work but somehow it's in my nature to give 100 percent to everything that is entrusted on me. That year, I went to office for 29 days in October, 2 days off being 2nd October (Thanks to Gandhiji) and Dusshera (Thanks to God Ramchandra); else I would have been in office then also. Add to this was a family problem which required me to spend 3 months(nights) in hospital as my grandfather was ill. When I look back, I wonder how I managed all this. Oh one more thing, my sister wedding plans was also underway which required my inputs and participation too.!<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b> </b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>CAT No. 4: Year 2004 in November</b></span><br />
The exam time came. CAT, XAT, IIFT and FMS. Results: calls from IIM-L, MDI, IIFT and NITIE. I was confident of converting one call at least this time. CAT percentile overall was 98.94. Also, this was the time when PaGaLGuY shot to fame with that result link getting exposed and all. This was the first CAT in which differential marking was introduced.<br />
<b>Jan 2005 </b>– MDI interview, my first B-School GD/PI experience. Somehow managed the GD and went in the interview. Interview was okiedokie. With next three interviews in March, I had loads of time to prepare for them.<br />
<b>Feb 28, 2004 –</b> MDI results were out. Not selected, not even in the waitlist, was I that bad? Maybe yes. With around ten days to go, I left no stone unturned to prepare for the other GD/PIs. Next interview was NITIE in Mumbai on 8th March, 2004 (which was my birthday too).<br />
<b>March 7, 2004</b> – Disaster will be an understatement with what happened. I slept with a little back pain but just could not lift myself up from the bed. The pain in my lower back was killing me and even lying straight was not helping. We rushed to the hospital and I was diagnosed with slip disc. Three weeks bed rest, no movement nothing. My NITIE interview was the next day, IIFT in three days and IIM-L in ten days. No way was I going to miss them. I had to get admitted in the hospital and doctor did not allow me to move at all.<br />
This meant, all pleadings for attending interviews for NITIE went waste. IIFT also went by and I sat there; could not do anything about it – just cry a bit, ok, not a bit but a little more. I had on my mind, come what may – I will attend my IIM interview. When the doctor heard the word "IIM", he also became a little soft and asked me to postpone it as much as possible. We tried our best but the next date given was still within my bed rest period. With some change in is heart, he allowed me to take the interview.! The GD was bad for me as the pain was still there and it was bad. I had to wait for nearly three hours for my interview and that aggravated the pain. Somehow, I braved it and faced the interview panel. It was an above average PI but performance in GD was still enough to ensure that I didn’t get in. !The results came and I was waitlisted at 107. This is when I joined PaGaLGuY.com and my first post was on the IIM L thread. After months of praying and tracking the WL day and night, it closed at 102!!!!I applied for a transfer to Mumbai to stay with my parents and take care of my back. Eventually the company did transfer me and I landed here in Mumbai. I joined the TIME test series and was doing pretty fine but the office culture here was really bad. For the first<br />
six months from July to December, there was not a single day when I did not contemplate resigning.!<span style="font-size: large;"><b><br />
</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>CAT No. 5: Year 2005 in November!</b></span><br />
I added one more exam in my list – JMET. Exams came and went and somehow I screwed ALL of them. CAT 97 percentile, XAT 99 percentile, JMET – 500 plus rank and similarly all. All but one – FMS. Had calls from both the courses and went to Delhi for the interview. MS GD was average, PI was also average. Then came the FT day. That time, people having both FMS calls did not have the process the same day, unlike today. Since I had become quite visible on PG, I met many familiar people. GD was excellent and PI was also good but FMS thought otherwise. My name did not figure in both the list, not even the waitlist. This was the very famous 1:1 ratio batch of FMS. One interesting thing about XAT. Had a 99.9 plus percent in both DI and QA but 86.80 or something in Verbal. Basically I missed the verbal cut-off by 0.01 percent. With two years work experience already in my kitty and entering the third year, the GMAT option was also available (just hang on for a bit, the other IIM is coming now). In April, I registered for a June date for my GMAT and also joined TIME classes for CAT preparation. I knew it was NOW or NEVER. PG was a really big help for GMAT and after 3 months of study, I scored a 710. This is where I found the other IIM which stands for Indian IT Male. Most of the applicants from India fall in this category and no wonder it is really difficult to get in US B-Schools when you are an IIM .Had plans to apply to only three schools – ISB,<br />
CMU Tepper and Goizueta Emory. The application process in these is a pain but in the end, it is quite insightful. One comes to know so much about oneself . Coupled with this, I was attending classes in TIME and working too. Somehow, I stuck the right chord in Mocks and was posting on PG big time. I earned the label of "sophisticated spammer" which I still disagree to. I am not and never was a spammer.<br />
<b>October, November 2005</b> – Had interview calls from all three schools – ISB, Tepper and Goizueta. CAT day was also coming. I was done with my ISB interview (which was very very arbit) and Tepper interview over phone before CAT. The last interview was scheduled in Mumbai in December as a part of the World MBA Tour. Both the US B-School interviews were pretty straightforward – Why MBA, strengths, weakness etc.!<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>CAT No. 6: Year 2006 in November</b></span><br />
The five options paper for CAT, man I had seen it all. Started with Quant and killed it. Moved to the most arbit verbal paper ever and then did DI. When the solutions came in the evening, verbal had left me hanging, well almost. By the way, SP Jain was out of the hit list.<br />
<b>Dec 2006 – Jan 2007</b> –> Worst time of my life. Rejects from ISB, Tepper and Goizueta. CAT result out. 100 percentile in QA, 95 in DI and 82 in verbal. It was over for me. With just 5 days to go for XAT, I had no option but to give it my best. It was verbal and verbal and just more verbal.7th Jan, 2007 – In the XAT paper itself, I knew that finally verbal is cracked. Meanwhile, JMET had given me a rank of 39 and calls from IIT B, D and KGP were on. MDI also found me suitable for college, even NITIE thought the same.!20th Jan,<br />
2007 – The evening before the FMS paper. Just went online for something and saw the XL result link. With all my confidence, I punched in my roll number and saw the line "Sorry…." WTF !!!! how how how, then clicked on the scorecard link. QA 99 something, Verbal 95.42, scorecard is not over yet, DI 77 percentile This was just not possible, gave up all hope of MBA.Took the FMS exam and also prepared for the<br />
upcoming GDs and PIs. Then someone advised me about the MAT route to JBIMS and MH-CET was<br />
also added on the exam taking list. MAT went awesome and 99.99 percentile with a composite score of 800 ensured that JBIMS was there now.<br />
All the interviews came one by one and I attended all of them. Some in Mumbai, some in Delhi, GOD! it was maddening. Filling forms, carrying the requisite stuff etc was quite arduous.!Finally came the news I was waiting to hear all my life.13th March, 2007 2230 hrs. A friend of mine called from FMS and here it was – WL 1. FMS it was. MS was WL 7. By the way, I attended my MDI and IITB interviews after my FMS convert. Though, people advised me against it but they had taken a lot of my hard earned money so I decided to take them.!Well, in the end, I had all converts – FMS (both), JBIMS, IITs (all 3), MDI and NITIE. It was<br />
Delhi again for me. I resigned from my job and then decided to utilize my time by teaching in TIME. This is where ARKSS Sir (ARKS Srinivas, TIME Director, Mumbai) said to me, "Amit, CAT ek baar aur likh de." (Amit, please write the CAT once more for me) I was like no, never sir. I was tired of writing it. We left it there.!July came and I was in here – FMS. Met some of the sharpest people in the country and some awesome faculty. After one month of grilling, I called up ARKSS and told him that FMS is not chill at all. And people, I am serious. During that phone call, again the CAT thing came up and he said "Mere liye likh de."<br />
(Please write it for me). I told him I can't do it now anymore, no time to study and all. He somehow convinced me to fill the form and I did it. Just filled the form and no preparation. No test series. There was no time in FMS. Initial work there, then summers, then exams everything was packed. And whatever time I had in life, I ensured that I sleep well.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>CAT No. 7: Year 2007 in November</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b> </b></span>CAT was on the 18th and our first semester exams got over on the 15th evening. 15th and 16th were spent in chilling out in life and 17th was taken away by room cleaning. The only sane thing I did on 17th was sleeping at 2230 hours. Next day, I went to the exam centre which was nearby to the hostel, thankfully. From there, I called ARKSS again and told him that I still don't know why I am doing this. Finally, the paper started and it was exciting to do Math after so many months. Did QA, then Verbal and finally DI. Came back to the room and slept. In the evening, got up and checked the score. QA and DI were fine but as always a 20 in<br />
verbal according to TIME keys. My score varied from 15 to 25 depending on institute keys. In either case, I was not clearing cut-off for verbal according to any of the institutes. So, it was over.! Life moved on, then came the day of the results. However bad one performs, there is always a desire to check the result (ok, I have it. ) The link given on the CAT IIM site was not working from the hostel. Then I came to know about the result by SMS thing. I SMSed and received the following reply.!QA (percentile) 99.98 with a score of 70!DI (percentile) 99.97 with a score of 76!Verbal (percentile) 96.40 with a score of 30!OA (percentile) 99.99 with a score of 176!YES YES YES I HAVE CRACKED IT !!! Calls started coming in and had all 6 calls. I was elated. But then, I had another problem. What will I say in the interview. FMS is awesome, why should one leave it. I had no clue what to do. The interview schedule came and the forms too. Took a lot of help from ARKSS for the same and prepared for the interview. I knew what to prepare – MBA academics and why chuck FMS for an IIM.!The first interview was IIML. A pretty decent GD and average PI. Next was IIM K. An average GD and bad PI. Indore was next but had a very important class to attend in FMS so<br />
decided against it. By the way, both K and L asked about FMS.!The Big One was next – Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad. And man, I was nervous. The essay was fine and PI was a dream one. They just could not believe that someone wants to leave FMS and come to IIM A. I think I did a pretty decent job there and rest of the questions varied from work experience to MBA Academics to general stuff in life.!IIM Calcutta was next. A decent case study discussion followed by stress interview. Was asked Maths, Sub Prime, Telecom War, Quiz, FMS and everything.! Bangalore was the last one to be held. The date clashed with my second semester exams of FMS and it must have taken like 10,000 calls to them to get it shifted. Finally, it was shifted to the evening slot of the same day with my exam in the morning and another exam the next morning and interview sandwiched in between. The case study was the Scrablous one and the group was<br />
quite decent in discussing the stuff. I was last to be interviewed. It was HORRIBLE. It was so so so bad<br />
that they would have left a seat vacant in the college rather than taking me.!With interviews over, summer internship was something which was coming up. But, Supreme Court had other plans. I was also a part of the waiting pain but had no window to vent out the frustration because it was a secret I wanted to keep. By the way, my FMS classmates came to know about it somehow in January itself. I know who did it but have not done anything to that person. But I still have time to do it.!May 1 was about to dawn, I slept without much<br />
tension in life. Was woken at 7 a.m. by a friend's call informing me about IIM B results being out. I checked and as expected, did not get through. I had to go the office and was on my way. Meanwhile, another friend called me and told me to check the WL of IIMB. He checked for me and no; I was not there, as expected though.! I reached office and realized that Wi-Fi was not working on my laptop (Murphy’s Law at its best). I went to IT guys and they needed "some" time to fix it. Just then, another person called me to tell me about IIMC results being out. I sat on the IT guys head as I wanted my laptop back up and running. After 20- 25 minutes of patience, laptop was handed back to me. !First thing I did was, checking the IIMC result. Opened the link, entered my details; my heart was beating fast as never before. And there it was. CONGRATULATIONS!!! Just could not believe it. Tears of joy tricked down my eyes I was IN. FINALLY IN!!!!! Got through L and K too but surprisingly A ditched me. But no issues…JOKA I AM COMING!I want to clarify two things regarding which I have been receiving a lot of queries.<br />
1. Is FMS not good? - People, it is an awesome college; I just took CAT for the heck of it and my<br />
stay in FMS had nothing to do with it. So, please don’t get me wrong here. Go ahead and join<br />
without batting an eyelid.<br />
2. Justifying interview panel about leaving FMS and going to IIM – The answer was a very planned out one and was structured in a way so that no cross questioning was possible, thanks to ARKS Srinivas sir again.! Some of the quotes which I had heard over so many years are really true!1.Patience pays!<br />
2. Efforts never go waste!<br />
3. Samay se pehle aur kismet se zyada kuch nahin milta and the likes. (No one gets anything before the<br />
right time and more than what destiny has to offer.)<br />
But my personal favourite is the one which my cousin said once she heard the result – "Finally, CAT ki aatma ko shanti mili" (The soul of CAT will finally rest in peace).Unknownnoreply@blogger.com16tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8991418001668931770.post-47192048619748573762009-08-31T14:59:00.003+05:302009-08-31T15:06:29.727+05:30Answer of Brain Teaser 3 16 men, 12 women and 72 children were working with the constructor. <br />
<br />
Let's assume that there were X men, Y women and Z children working with the constructor. <br />
Hence, <br />
<br />
X + Y + Z = 100 <br />
<br />
5X + 4Y + Z = 200 <br />
<br />
Eliminating X and Y in turn from these equations, we get <br />
<br />
X = 3Z - 200 <br />
<br />
Y = 300 - 4Z <br />
<br />
As if woman works, her husband also works and atleast half the men working came with their <br />
wives; the value of Y lies between X and X/2. Substituting these limiting values in <br />
equations, we get <br />
<br />
if Y = X, <br />
<br />
300 - 4Z = 3Z - 200 <br />
<br />
7Z = 500 <br />
<br />
Z = 500/7 i.e. 71.428 <br />
<br />
if Y = X/2, <br />
<br />
300 - 4Z = (3Z - 200)/2 <br />
<br />
600 - 8Z = 3Z - 200 <br />
<br />
11Z = 800 <br />
<br />
Z = 800/11 i.e. 72.727 <br />
<br />
But Z must be an integer, hence Z=72. Also, X=16 and Y=12 <br />
<br />
There were 16 men, 12 women and 72 children working with the constructor.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8991418001668931770.post-12250924237998614172009-08-31T14:57:00.000+05:302009-08-31T14:57:09.788+05:30Answer of Brain Teaser 2The last person covered 120.71 meters. <br />
<br />
It is given that the platoon and the last person moved with uniform speed. Also, they both <br />
moved for the identical amount of time. Hence, the ratio of the distance they covered - <br />
while person moving forward and backward - are equal. <br />
<br />
<br />
Let's assume that when the last person reached the first person, the platoon moved X meters <br />
forward. <br />
<br />
Thus, while moving forward the last person moved (50+X) meters whereas the platoon moved X <br />
meters. <br />
<br />
Similarly, while moving back the last person moved [50-(50-X)] X meters whereas the platoon <br />
moved (50-X) meters. <br />
<br />
<br />
Now, as the ratios are equal, <br />
<br />
(50+X)/X = X/(50-X) <br />
<br />
(50+X)*(50-X) = X*X <br />
<br />
Solving, X=35.355 meters <br />
<br />
Thus, total distance covered by the last person <br />
<br />
= (50+X) + X <br />
<br />
= 2*X + 50 <br />
<br />
= 2*(35.355) + 50 <br />
<br />
= 120.71 meters <br />
<br />
Note that at first glance, one might think that the total distance covered by the last <br />
person is 100 meters, as he ran the total lenght of the platoon (50 meters) twice. TRUE, <br />
but that's the relative distance covered by the last person i.e. assuming that the platoon <br />
is stationary.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8991418001668931770.post-38870795639449164692009-08-31T14:52:00.000+05:302009-08-31T14:52:41.058+05:30Answers of Brain Teaser 1<div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">1 Sachi Loti • Fill Out a Change-of-Address Form • Add Postage to Meter </div><div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"></div><div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">2 Gianni Lau • Pick Up a Registered Letter • Send an Item Parcel Post </div><div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"></div><div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">3 Carlos Pimentelli • Overnight Package • Send Airmail to Tibet </div><div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"></div><div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">4 Donna Toriseza • Buy Stamps • Send an Insured Package </div><div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"></div><div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">5 Mary Knutson • Buy a Money Order • Send Books fourth Class </div><div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"></div><div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">6 Anthony Rendler • Complain About a Mail Carrier • Pick Up a Package </div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8991418001668931770.post-36852547485209278562009-08-31T14:29:00.000+05:302009-08-31T14:29:42.926+05:30Answers of Reading Comprehension (Passage 21 and 22)Passage 21 <br />
1. D 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. D<br />
6. E 7. C 8. A <br />
<br />
Passage 22 <br />
1. B 2. D 3. E 4. D 5. D<br />
6. B 7. C 8. AUnknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8991418001668931770.post-16573087988812182922009-08-31T14:28:00.004+05:302009-08-31T14:30:54.982+05:30Reading Comprehension Exercise for MBA Entrance tests (CAT, GMAT, SNAP, IIFT, MAT)<meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"></meta><meta content="Word.Document" name="ProgId"></meta><meta content="Microsoft Word 10" name="Generator"></meta><meta content="Microsoft Word 10" name="Originator"></meta><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CSingh%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><o:smarttagtype name="City" namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"></o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype name="country-region" namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"></o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype name="place" namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"></o:smarttagtype><style>
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<h2 style="margin-top: 6pt;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.do" name="_Toc83573349"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.do" name="_Toc49708526"></a>Passage 21</h2><div class="zhengwen" style="margin-top: 3pt; text-indent: 15pt;">Bernard Bailyn has recently reinterpreted the early history of the <st1:country-region><st1:place>United States</st1:place></st1:country-region> by applying new social research findings on the experiences of European migrants. In his reinterpretation, migration becomes the organizing principle for rewriting the history of preindustrial <st1:place>North America</st1:place>. His approach rests on four separate propositions.</div><div class="zhengwen" style="margin-top: 3pt; text-indent: 15pt;">The first of these asserts that residents of early modern <st1:country-region><st1:place>England</st1:place></st1:country-region> moved regularly about their countryside; migrating to the <st1:place>New World</st1:place> was simply a “natural spillover.” Although at first the colonies held little positive attraction for the English—they would rather have stayed home—by the eighteenth century people increasingly migrated to <st1:country-region><st1:place>America</st1:place></st1:country-region> because they regarded it as the land of opportunity. Secondly, Bailyn holds that, contrary to the notion that used to flourish in <st1:country-region><st1:place>America</st1:place></st1:country-region> history textbooks, there was never a typical <st1:place>New World</st1:place> community. For example, the economic and demographic character of early <st1:place>New England</st1:place> towns varied considerably.</div><div class="zhengwen" style="margin-top: 3pt; text-indent: 15pt;">Bailyn’s third proposition suggests two general patterns prevailing among the many thousands of migrants: one group came as indentured servants, another came to acquire land. Surprisingly, Bailyn suggests that those who recruited indentured servants were the driving forces of transatlantic migration. These colonial entrepreneurs helped determine the social character of people who came to preindustrial <st1:place>North America</st1:place>. At first, thousands of unskilled laborers were recruited; by the 1730’s, however, American employers demanded skilled artisans.</div><div class="zhengwen" style="margin-top: 3pt; text-indent: 15pt;">Finally, Bailyn argues that the colonies were a half-civilized hinterland of the European culture system. He is undoubtedly correct to insist that the colonies were part of an Anglo-American empire. But to divide the empire into English core and colonial periphery, as Bailyn does, devalues the achievements of colonial culture. It is true, as Bailyn claims, that high culture in the colonies never matched that in <st1:country-region><st1:place>England</st1:place></st1:country-region>. But <span style="color: green;">what of<span style="display: none;"> (what of 1: what is the situation with respect to 2: what importance can be assigned to)</span></span> seventeenth-century <st1:place>New England</st1:place>, where the settlers created effective laws, built a distinguished university, and published books? Bailyn might respond that <st1:place>New England</st1:place> was exceptional. However, the ideas and institutions developed by New England Puritans had powerful effects on North American culture.</div><div class="zhengwen" style="margin-top: 3pt; text-indent: 15pt;">Although Bailyn goes on to apply his approach to some thousands of indentured servants who migrated just prior to the revolution, he fails to link their experience with the political development of the <st1:country-region><st1:place>United States</st1:place></st1:country-region>. Evidence presented in his work suggests how we might make such a connection. These indentured servants were treated as slaves for the period during which they had sold their time to American employers. It is not surprising that as soon as they served their time they <span style="color: green;">passed up<span style="display: none;"> (pass up: </span></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: green; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">放弃;错过</span><span style="color: green; display: none;">)</span> good wages in the cities and headed west to ensure their personal independence by acquiring land. Thus, it is in the west that a peculiarly American political culture began, among colonists who were suspicious of authority and intensely anti-aristocratic.</div><div class="zhengwen" style="margin-top: 3pt; text-indent: 15pt;"></div><div class="wenti2" style="margin: 6pt 0in 2.4pt 16.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">1. Which of the following statements about migrants to colonial <st1:place>North America</st1:place> is supported by information in the passage?</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(A) A larger percentage of migrants to colonial <st1:place>North America</st1:place> came as indentured servants than as free agents interested in acquiring land.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(B) Migrants who came to the colonies as indentured servants were more successful at making a livelihood than were farmers and artisans.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(C) Migrants to colonial <st1:place>North America</st1:place> were more successful at acquiring their own land during the eighteenth century than during the seven-tenth century.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(D) By the 1730’s, migrants already skilled in a trade were in more demand by American employers than were unskilled laborers.<span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">(</span><span style="color: blue; display: none;">D</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(E) A significant percentage of migrants who came to the colonies to acquire land were forced to work as field hands for prosperous American farmers.</div><div class="wenti2" style="margin: 6pt 0in 2.4pt 16.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"></div><div class="wenti2" style="margin: 6pt 0in 2.4pt 16.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">2. The author of the passage states that Bailyn failed to</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(A) give sufficient emphasis to the cultural and political interdependence of the colonies and <st1:country-region><st1:place>England</st1:place></st1:country-region></div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(B) describe carefully how migrants of different ethnic backgrounds preserved their culture in the <st1:country-region><st1:place>united States</st1:place></st1:country-region></div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(C) take advantage of social research on the experiences of colonists who migrated to colonial <st1:place>North America</st1:place> specifically to acquire land</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(D) relate the experience of the migrants to the political values that eventually shaped the character of the <st1:country-region><st1:place>United States</st1:place></st1:country-region><span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">(</span><span style="color: blue; display: none;">D</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(E) investigate the lives of Europeans before they came to colonial <st1:place>North America</st1:place> to determine more adequately their motivations for migrating</div><div class="wenti2" style="margin: 6pt 0in 2.4pt 16.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"></div><div class="wenti2" style="margin: 6pt 0in 2.4pt 16.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">3. Which of the following best summarizes the author’s evaluation of Bailyn’s fourth proposition?</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(A) It is totally implausible.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(B) It is partially correct.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(C) It is highly admirable.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(D) It is controversial though persuasive.<span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">(</span><span style="color: blue; display: none;">B</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(E) It is intriguing though unsubstantiated.</div><div class="wenti2" style="margin: 6pt 0in 2.4pt 16.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"></div><div class="wenti2" style="margin: 6pt 0in 2.4pt 16.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">4. According to the passage, Bailyn and the author agree on which of the following statements about the culture of colonial <st1:place>New England</st1:place>?</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(A) High culture in <st1:place>New England</st1:place> never equaled the high culture of <st1:country-region><st1:place>England</st1:place></st1:country-region>.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(B) The cultural achievements of colonial <st1:place>New England</st1:place> have generally been unrecognized by historians.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(C) The colonists imitated the high culture of <st1:country-region><st1:place>England</st1:place></st1:country-region>, and did not develop a culture that was uniquely their own.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(D) The southern colonies were greatly influenced by the high culture of <st1:place>New England</st1:place>.<span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">(</span><span style="color: blue; display: none;">A</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(E) <st1:place>New England</st1:place> communities were able to create laws and build a university, but unable to create anything innovative in the arts.</div><div class="wenti2" style="margin: 6pt 0in 2.4pt 16.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"></div><div class="wenti2" style="margin: 6pt 0in 2.4pt 16.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">5. According to the passage, which of the following is true of English migrants to the colonies during the eighteenth century?</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(A) Most of them were farmers rather than trades people or artisans.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(B) Most of them came because they were unable to find work in <st1:country-region><st1:place>England</st1:place></st1:country-region>.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(C) They differed from other English people in that they were willing to travel.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(D) They expected that the colonies would offer them increased opportunity.<span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">(</span><span style="color: blue; display: none;">D</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(E) They were generally not as educated as the people who remained in <st1:country-region><st1:place>England</st1:place></st1:country-region>.</div><div class="wenti2" style="margin: 6pt 0in 2.4pt 16.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"></div><div class="wenti2" style="margin: 6pt 0in 2.4pt 16.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">6. The author of the passage is primarily concerned with</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(A) comparing several current interpretations of early American history</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(B) suggesting that new social research on migration should lead to revisions in current interpretations of early American history</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(C) providing the theoretical framework that is used by most historians in understanding early American history</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(D) refuting an argument about early American history that has been proposed by social historians<span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">(</span><span style="color: blue; display: none;">E</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(E) discussing a reinterpretation of early American history that is based on new social research on migration</div><div class="wenti2" style="margin: 6pt 0in 2.4pt 16.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"></div><div class="wenti2" style="margin: 6pt 0in 2.4pt 16.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">7. It can be inferred from the passage that American history textbooks used to assert that</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(A) many migrants to colonial <st1:place>North America</st1:place> were not successful financially</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(B) more migrants came to <st1:country-region><st1:place>America</st1:place></st1:country-region> out of religious or political conviction that came in the hope of acquiring land</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(C) New England communities were much alike in terms of their economics and demographics</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(D) many migrants to colonial <st1:place>North America</st1:place> failed to maintain ties with their European relations<span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">(</span><span style="color: blue; display: none;">C</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(E) the level of literacy in <st1:place>New England</st1:place> communities was very high</div><div class="wenti2" style="margin: 6pt 0in 2.4pt 16.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"></div><div class="wenti2" style="margin: 6pt 0in 2.4pt 16.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">8. The author of the passage would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements about Bailyn’s work?</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(A) Bailyn underestimates the effects of Puritan thought on North American culture.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(B) Bailyn overemphasizes the economic dependence of the colonies on <st1:country-region><st1:place>Great Britain</st1:place></st1:country-region>.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(C) Bailyn’s description of the colonies as part of an Anglo-American empire is misleading and incorrect.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(D) Bailyn failed to test his propositions on a specific group of migrants to colonial <st1:place>North America</st1:place>.<span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">(</span><span style="color: blue; display: none;">A</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(E) Bailyn overemphasizes the experiences of migrants to the <st1:place>New England</st1:place> colonies, and neglects the southern and the western parts of the <st1:place>New World</st1:place>.</div><h2 style="margin-top: 6pt;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.do" name="_Toc83573350"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.do" name="_Toc49708527"></a> </h2><h2 style="margin-top: 6pt;">Passage 22</h2><div class="zhengwen" style="margin-top: 3pt; text-indent: 15pt;">Many <st1:country-region><st1:place>United States</st1:place></st1:country-region> companies have, unfortunately, made the search for legal protection from import competition into a major line of work. Since 1980 the United States International Trade Commission (ITC) has received about 280 complaints alleging damage from imports that benefit from subsidies by foreign governments. Another 340 charge that foreign companies “dumped” their products in the <st1:country-region><st1:place>United States</st1:place></st1:country-region> at “less than fair value.” Even when no unfair practices are alleged, the simple claim that an industry has been injured by imports is sufficient grounds to seek relief.</div><div class="zhengwen" style="margin-top: 3pt; text-indent: 15pt;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.do" name="p22q7"></a>Contrary to the general impression, this quest for import relief has hurt more companies than it has helped. As corporations begin to function globally, they develop an intricate web of marketing, production, and research relationships. The complexity of these relationships makes it unlikely that a system of import relief laws will meet the strategic needs of all the units under the same parent company.</div><div class="zhengwen" style="margin-top: 3pt; text-indent: 15pt;">Internationalization increases the danger that foreign companies will use import relief laws against the very companies the laws were designed to protect. Suppose a United States-owned company establishes an overseas plant to manufacture a product while its competitor makes the same product in the <st1:country-region><st1:place>United States</st1:place></st1:country-region>. If the competitor can prove injury from the imports—and that the <st1:country-region><st1:place>United States</st1:place></st1:country-region> company received a subsidy from a foreign government to build its plant abroad—the <st1:country-region><st1:place>United States</st1:place></st1:country-region> company’s products will be uncompetitive in the <st1:country-region><st1:place>United States</st1:place></st1:country-region>, since they would be subject to duties.</div><div class="zhengwen" style="margin-top: 3pt; text-indent: 15pt;">Perhaps the most <span style="color: green;">brazen<span style="display: none;"> (marked by contemptuous boldness)</span> </span>case occurred when the ITC investigated allegations that Canadian companies were injuring the <st1:country-region><st1:place>United States</st1:place></st1:country-region> salt industry by dumping <span style="color: green;">rock salt<span style="display: none;"> (rock salt: n.</span></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: green; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">岩盐,石盐</span><span style="color: green; display: none;">)</span>, used to de-ice roads. The bizarre aspect of the complaint was that a foreign conglomerate with <st1:country-region><st1:place>United States</st1:place></st1:country-region> operations was <span style="color: green;">crying for<span style="display: none;"> (cry for: v.</span></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: green; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">吵着要</span><span style="color: green; display: none;">, </span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: green; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">恳求</span><span style="color: green; display: none;">)</span> help against a <st1:country-region><st1:place>United States</st1:place></st1:country-region> company with foreign operations. The “<st1:country-region><st1:place>United States</st1:place></st1:country-region>” company claiming injury was a subsidiary of a Dutch conglomerate, while the “Canadian” companies included a subsidiary of a <st1:city><st1:place>Chicago</st1:place></st1:city> firm that was the second-largest domestic producer of rock salt.</div><div class="zhengwen" style="margin-top: 3pt; text-indent: 15pt;"></div><div class="wenti2" style="margin: 6pt 0in 2.4pt 16.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">1. The passage is chiefly concerned with</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(A) arguing against the increased internationalization of <st1:country-region><st1:place>United States</st1:place></st1:country-region> corporations</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(B) warning that the application of laws affecting trade frequently has unintended consequences</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(C) demonstrating that foreign-based firms receive more subsidies from their governments than <st1:country-region><st1:place>United States</st1:place></st1:country-region> firms receive from the <st1:country-region><st1:place>United States</st1:place></st1:country-region> government</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(D) advocating the use of trade restrictions for “dumped” products but not for other imports<span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">(</span><span style="color: blue; display: none;">B</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(E) recommending a uniform method for handling claims of unfair trade practices</div><div class="wenti2" style="margin: 6pt 0in 2.4pt 16.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"></div><div class="wenti2" style="margin: 6pt 0in 2.4pt 16.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">2. It can be inferred from the passage that the minimal basis for a complaint to the International Trade Commission is which of the following?</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(A) A foreign competitor has received a subsidy from a foreign government.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(B) A foreign competitor has substantially increased the volume of products shipped to the <st1:country-region><st1:place>United States</st1:place></st1:country-region>.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(C) A foreign competitor is selling products in the <st1:country-region><st1:place>United States</st1:place></st1:country-region> at less than fair market value.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(D) The company requesting import relief has been injured by the sale of imports in the <st1:country-region><st1:place>United States</st1:place></st1:country-region>.<span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">(</span><span style="color: blue; display: none;">D</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(E) The company requesting import relief has been barred from exporting products to the country of its foreign competitor.</div><div class="wenti2" style="margin: 6pt 0in 2.4pt 16.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"></div><div class="wenti2" style="margin: 6pt 0in 2.4pt 16.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">3. The last paragraph performs which of the following functions in the passage?</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(A) It summarizes the discussion thus far and suggests additional areas of research.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(B) It presents a recommendation based on the evidence presented earlier.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(C) It discusses an exceptional case in which the results expected by the author of the passage were not obtained.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(D) It introduces an additional area of concern not mentioned earlier.<span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">(</span><span style="color: blue; display: none;">E</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(E) It cites a specific case that illustrates a problem presented more generally in the previous paragraph.</div><div class="wenti2" style="margin: 6pt 0in 2.4pt 16.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"></div><div class="wenti2" style="margin: 6pt 0in 2.4pt 16.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">4. The passage warns of which of the following dangers?</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(A) Companies in the <st1:country-region><st1:place>United States</st1:place></st1:country-region> may receive no protection from imports unless they actively seek protection from import competition.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(B) Companies that seek legal protection from import competition may incur legal costs that far exceed any possible gain.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(C) Companies that are United States-owned but operate internationally may not be eligible for protection from import competition under the laws of the countries in which their plants operate.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(D) Companies that are not United States-owned may seek legal protection from import competition under <st1:country-region><st1:place>United States</st1:place></st1:country-region> import relief laws.<span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">(</span><span style="color: blue; display: none;">D</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(E) Companies in the <st1:country-region><st1:place>United States</st1:place></st1:country-region> that import raw materials may have to pay duties on those materials.</div><div class="wenti2" style="margin: 6pt 0in 2.4pt 16.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"></div><div class="wenti2" style="margin: 6pt 0in 2.4pt 16.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">5. The passage suggests that which of the following is most likely to be true of <st1:country-region><st1:place>United States</st1:place></st1:country-region> trade laws?</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(A) They will eliminate the practice of “dumping” products in the <st1:country-region><st1:place>United States</st1:place></st1:country-region>.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(B) They will enable manufacturers in the <st1:country-region><st1:place>United States</st1:place></st1:country-region> to compete more profitably outside the <st1:country-region><st1:place>United States</st1:place></st1:country-region>.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(C) They will affect <st1:country-region><st1:place>United States</st1:place></st1:country-region> trade with <st1:country-region><st1:place>Canada</st1:place></st1:country-region> more negatively than trade with other nations.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(D) Those that help one unit within a parent company will not necessarily help other units in the company.<span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">(</span><span style="color: blue; display: none;">D</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(E) Those that are applied to international companies will accomplish their intended result.</div><div class="wenti2" style="margin: 6pt 0in 2.4pt 16.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"></div><div class="wenti2" style="margin: 6pt 0in 2.4pt 16.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">6. It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes which of the following about the complaint mentioned in the last paragraph?</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(A) The ITC acted unfairly toward the complainant in its investigation.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(B) The complaint violated the intent of import relief laws.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(C) The response of the ITC to the complaint provided suitable relief from unfair trade practices to the complainant.</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(D) The ITC did not have access to appropriate information concerning the case.<span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">(</span><span style="color: blue; display: none;">B</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(E) Each of the companies involved in the complaint acted in its own best interest.</div><div class="wenti2" style="margin: 6pt 0in 2.4pt 16.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"></div><div class="wenti2" style="margin: 6pt 0in 2.4pt 16.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">7. According to the passage, companies have the general impression that International Trade Commission import relief practices have<span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: green; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">(答案在</span><span style="color: blue; display: none;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=8991418001668931770#p22q7"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;">第二段第一句话</span></a></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: green; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">)</span></div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(A) caused unpredictable fluctuations in volumes of imports and exports</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(B) achieved their desired effect only under unusual circumstances</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(C) actually helped companies that have requested import relief</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(D) been opposed by the business community<span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">(</span><span style="color: blue; display: none;">C</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(E) had less impact on international companies than the business community expected</div><div class="wenti2" style="margin: 6pt 0in 2.4pt 16.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"></div><div class="wenti2" style="margin: 6pt 0in 2.4pt 16.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">8. According to the passage, the International Trade Commission is involved in which of the following?</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(A) Investigating allegations of unfair import competition</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(B) Granting subsidies to companies in the United States that have been injured by import competition</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(C) Recommending legislation to ensure fair</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(D) Identifying international corporations that wish to build plants in the <st1:country-region><st1:place>United States</st1:place></st1:country-region><span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">(</span><span style="color: blue; display: none;">A</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; display: none; font-family: SimSun;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(E) Assisting corporations in the <st1:country-region><st1:place>United States</st1:place></st1:country-region> that wish to compete globally</div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"></div><div class="xuanxiang" style="margin: 0in 0in 2.4pt 33.75pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><a href="http://mbadreamtrue.blogspot.com/2009/08/answers-of-reading-comprehension.html">Click here for the answers of above questions </a></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8991418001668931770.post-79731307788533747952009-08-30T22:43:00.002+05:302009-08-30T22:45:49.717+05:30Group Discussion Topic 2: SHOULD WE CHANGE THE PRESENT SYSTEM OF EDUCATION IN OUR COUNTRY?<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>Introduction</b></span><br />
The history of education in India is as old as India itself. We have a rich heritage of the Gurukul system of education for the elementary level and outstanding ancient universities like Takshshila, and Nalanda. The educational system in India has kept pace with all the changes happening around like invasions, the advent of the Mughals etc. But the biggest turn around came when the British came to India. They believed that India was a barbaric country and that exposure to their religion, language and literature would make us civilized. In 1835, Lord Macaulay proposed minutes on education and that led to the change of the medium of instruction to English. The basic system of education started by him is still very much intact in essence. After independence the system accommodated many changes under the leadership of Dr. Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan.<br />
In modern times, Indian educational institutions (such as the IITs, IISc, IIMs, NITs, AIIMS, ISI, JU,<br />
BITS, and ISB) are well known in the world. The broader pattern of education in India as under:<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Arguments in against the topic</b></span><br />
· The biggest criticism that has come up is that our education system honours only merit. An intelligent student, merely on the basis of his academics, cracks the top most exams like IITJEE, CAT etc. to get the best of education and then also cracks the civil services exam to get a top administrative job. This is a serious issue for the HRD ministry because you can not honour only intelligence. Other factors which are equally important are normally ignored.<br />
· The Indian education system also faces the problem of how to create quality manpower for the future demands of the Indian industry. Many surveys clearly show that we will have huge numbers of educated manpower in the next 10 years, but still we will have an enormous short fall of quality manpower. Our education system needs to address this issue.<br />
· Modern education in India is often criticized for being based on rote learning. Emphasis is laid on passing examinations with a high percentage. Very few institutes give importance to developing personality and creativity among students. Recently, the country has seen a rise in instances of student suicides due to low marks and failures, especially in metropolitan cities, even though such cases are very rare. The boards are recently trying to improve quality of education by increasing percentage of practical and project marks.<br />
· Many people also criticize the caste, language and religion-based reservations in the education system. Many allege that very few of the weaker castes get the benefit of reservations and that forged caste certificates abound. Educational institutions also can seek religious minority (non-Hindu) or linguistic minority status. In such institutions, 50% of the seats are reserved for students belonging to a particular religion or having particular mother-tongue(s). For example, many colleges run by the Jesuits and Salesians have 50%<br />
seats reserved for Roman Catholics. In case of languages, an institution can declare itself a linguistic minority only in states in which the language is not official language. For example, an engineering college can declare itself as linguistic-minority (Hindi) institution in the state of Maharashtra (where official state language is Marathi), but not in Madhya Pradesh or Uttar Pradesh (where the official state language is Hindi). These reservations are said to be a cause of heartbreak among many. Many students with poor marks manage to get admissions, while meritorious students are left out. Critics say that such reservations may eventually create rifts in the society.<br />
· Expenditure on education is also an issue which comes under the scanner. According to the Kothari commission led by Dr. Vijay Kothari in 1966, expenditure on education has to be minimum 6% of the GDP. Whereas in 2004 expenditure on education stood at 3.52% of the GDP and in the eleventh plan it is estimated to be around 4%. The “Sarva Shikshan Abihyan” has to receive sufficient funds from the central government to impart quality education.<br />
· The quality of teaching in government schools is pathetic. The reason behind it is that education is still under the purview of the state governments. They have a shortage of funds and also are not very serious about education welfare.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Arguments in favour of the topic</b></span><br />
· The government has already taken many measures to revamp the education system in India. The “Sarva-Shiksha Abihyan” is doing very well. And we are close to achieving the same across India as we have done in Kerala.<br />
· Many rational changes have been made by CBSE in its curriculum. Now there is no failure (read as exams) up to class 5th and hence students are free from all pressures.<br />
· Many new updated courses have been introduced in senior classes which is directly in line with the updated requirements of the industry. Subjects like financial planning; computer programming, business studies, etc. have already been introduced.<br />
· Many high level international schools have started imparting education of new standards.<br />
· Many NGO’s with the support of the government are doing great work for providing quality education to kids as well as adult slum dwellers for example “Teach India Campaign” by Times of India etc.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8991418001668931770.post-32583684584668957322009-08-30T21:42:00.000+05:302009-08-30T21:42:26.417+05:30Reading Comprehension Tricks for MBA Entrance Tests (CAT, MAT, GMAT, SNAP, XAT IIFT etc.)General Strategies for Reading Comprehension <br />
<b>1. Try to read the whole text of the passage once, if possible.</b><br />
Many people think you should just skim the passage or read the first lines of every paragraph, and not to read the passage. We believe this is an error: if you misunderstand the main idea of the passage, you will certainly get at least some of the questions wrong. Give the passage one good read, taking no more than 3 minutes to read all of the text. Do not read the passage more than once – that wastes too much time. If you have not understood it completely, try to answer the questions anyway.<br />
Note: this point of reading the whole passage is important for test-takers whose first language is not English, provided that they can read the passage in 3 minutes or less.<br />
<br />
<b>2. Make brief notes on the text on your scrap paper.</b><br />
As we will see below in greater detail, you should write down a couple of words on A) the Main Idea or Primary Purpose, B) Organization/Structure of the passage, and C) the Tone or Attitude of the author (if applicable). You just need a few words for each of these areas, and altogether it should not take longer than 30 seconds to write down.<br />
<br />
<b>3. Remember that the tone or attitude of the passage is usually respectful and moderate, never going to extremes of praise nor criticism.</b><br />
ETS obtains its Reading Comprehension passages from real articles about real academics and professionals. So the tone of the articles, even when there is criticism in the passage toward an academic or her work, is always balanced and moderate. In the same vein, articles that deal with minorities or ethnic groups are almost always positive and sympathetic.<br />
<br />
<b>4. Look out for structural words that tell you the important ideas or transitions in a passage.</b><br />
<b>Continue the Idea Words</b><br />
Similarly<br />
Moreover<br />
Additionally<br />
In the same way<br />
Likewise<br />
<br />
<b>Conclusion Words</b><br />
Thus<br />
Therefore<br />
Hence<br />
So<br />
In summary<br />
In conclusion<br />
<br />
<b>Contradiction or Contrast Words</b><br />
Nevertheless<br />
Nonetheless<br />
However<br />
But<br />
Although<br />
Though<br />
Even though<br />
Notwithstanding<br />
Yet<br />
Despite<br />
In spite of<br />
On the one hand…on the other hand<br />
While<br />
Unlike<br />
<br />
<b>5. Go back to the text of the passage for the answers.</b><br />
Many test-takers fail to return to the text of the passage to look for the correct answers. They rely solely on their memories and understanding of the passage after having read or skimmed it. Wrong. ETS is counting on that. Go back to the text to look for information to answer the questions. Nine times out of ten, the answer lies within the passage.<br />
Of the 6 most important types of questions for Reading Comprehension, we will first look at Main Idea/Primary Purpose Questions, and the strategies we can use to answer them.<br />
<br />
<b>Main Idea/Primary Purpose Questions</b><br />
<br />
Many people believe there is no difference between the main or central idea of the passage and the primary<br />
purpose of the author of the passage. This is simply not true. Let's take a look at the subtle but important<br />
difference between them:<br />
<br />
<b>Main Idea</b><br />
The question might look something like this:<br />
"Which of the following best states the central idea of the passage?"<br />
"Which of the following most accurately states the main idea of the passage?"<br />
"Which of the following is the principal topic of the passage?"<br />
"The main topic of the passage is...."<br />
<br />
<b>Primary Purpose</b><br />
The question might look like this:<br />
<br />
"The primary purpose of this passage is to..."<br />
"The primary purpose of the passage as a whole is to..."<br />
"The primary focus of this passage is on which of the following?"<br />
"The main concern of the passage is to..."<br />
"In the passage, the author is primarily interested in...."<br />
"The passage is chiefly concerned with..."<br />
<br />
<b>Strategy</b>:<br />
<b>Main Idea</b> : Look in the first and last paragraphs for the main idea. Any <b>conclusion words</b> like <i>therefore, thus, so, hence,</i> etc. that you see are most likely introducing the main idea. The correct answer will say the same thing as it says in the text, but using different words. The Main Idea is not always stated explicitly in the passage – in fact, more likely than not, it is not stated explicitly. Therefore, in order to answer this type of question when it is more implicit:<br />
<br />
1. Re-read the first line of every passage, and the last line of the first and last paragraphs. This should give<br />
you the general structure or outline of the argument, with which you can answer the Main Idea question.<br />
2. After determining the general structure or content of the argument, eliminate answer choices that are<br />
too broad or too specific, i.e. answer choices that go beyond the content of the passage, or that deal with<br />
content only discussed in one paragraph of the passage.<br />
3. Make brief notes – a couple of words- regarding the Main Idea on the text on your scrap paper while<br />
you read.<br />
<br />
<b>Primary Purpose </b>: What is the author trying to do? What is his intention? If he is evaluating a theory, then the<br />
answer could be something like "Discuss an interpretation". Note that the correct answer would deal with "an<br />
interpretation", because the author is only dealing with <b>one </b>theory. If the Primary Purpose is to criticize 2 new<br />
books, then his intention or his primary purpose might be to "Critique new studies". Again, as in Main Idea<br />
questions, re-read the first line of every passage, and the last line of the <i>first </i>and <i>last </i>paragraphs. This should<br />
give you the general structure or outline of the argument, with which you can answer the Primary Purpose<br />
question.<br />
<b>Note </b>: A good main idea or primary purpose does not go beyond the scope of the passage, nor does it limit itself to discussing only one part of the passage.<br />
<br />
<b>Explanation</b><br />
This is a Primary Purpose question, so we have to determine what the author is trying to do or say in this<br />
passage. So, let's read the first and last lines of the passage in order to get an idea of the primary purpose. The first line says "Great news for Star Trek fans: warp drives that can propel starships around the Galaxy faster than the speed of light may be possible after all--with a little help from Dr Who." The last line is a quote by a physicist that says "Of course, there are still some basic questions--like how does one go about constructing this Tardis space-time--but it puts the concept of space warps back on the agenda." From both these sentences, we get the idea of space travel, faster than light travel and space warps – maybe this is a discussion of faster than light space travel. Does that match what you have already read? Yes, basically this is a discussion of the theoretical state of play in the area of faster-than-light space travel. Do any of the 5 answer choices match that?<br />
Yes – B, even if the wording is somewhat different from how we are wording it, the idea is almost exactly the<br />
same. B is the answer.<br />
Another way of getting to the answer is through elimination of obviously incorrect answer choices. We can<br />
eliminate A because the author mentions the popular science fiction program Star Trek merely to introduce the idea of faster-than-light travel, and nothing more. C is a stronger possibility because the second paragraph of the passage does discuss some disagreement among physicists about the possibility of creating a warp-drive, but in the same paragraph the theoretical dilemma seems resolved. Moreover, since the author only discusses this in one paragraph, it cannot be the primary purpose of the entire passage. We can eliminate D because the author does not go into detail discussing the uses of space-warping material. And we can discard E because the author does not really go into how the space-warping bubble would work in the real world.<br />
<br />
<b>Title Questions</b> by Stephen Bolton , 20th August, 1999<br />
Title questions are very similar to Main Idea questions, though are less common. Though some of the example<br />
passage we use in this tutorial and in the Practice Section are from the New Scientist, and therefore have titles,<br />
<br />
What is the primary purpose of this passage?<br />
<br />
A) discuss the importance of the television program Star Trek for the international space<br />
program<br />
B) discuss important theoretical work concerned with faster-than-light space travel.<br />
C) explore a dispute among theoretical physicists regarding the uses of space flight<br />
D) describe the possible uses of space-warping material<br />
E) explain how a space-warping bubble would work in the real world<br />
the passages in the real GMAT will not have titles. The question might look like this:<br />
<br />
"Which of the following titles best summarizes the passage as a whole?"<br />
<br />
<b>Strategy </b>:<br />
Treat this as a Main Idea question. A good title sums up the central idea of a passage. Therefore, in order to answer this type of question:<br />
<br />
1. Look in the first and last paragraphs for the main idea. Any conclusion words like therefore, thus, so,<br />
hence, etc. that you see are most likely introducing the Main Idea/Title. The correct answer will say the<br />
same thing as it says in the text, but using different words.<br />
2. Re-read the first line of every passage, and the last line of the first and last paragraphs. This should give<br />
you the general structure or outline of the argument, with which you can answer the Title question.<br />
3. Make brief notes – a couple of words- regarding the Title on the text on your scrap paper while you<br />
read.<br />
4. After determining the general structure or content of the argument, eliminate answer choices that are<br />
too broad or too specific, i.e. answer choices that go beyond the content of the passage, or that deal with<br />
content only discussed in one paragraph of the passage.<br />
<br />
<b>Explanation</b><br />
This passage actually already has a title, "Warp Factor One". But we have to look for another title possibility,<br />
one that would be most like the Main Idea of the passage. We look at the first and last paragraphs, and since the Main Idea is that researchers now feel that faster-than-light travel maybe more than mere fantasy, we can find the correct answer choice. Does any answer choice correspond to this idea? Yes- answer D, which is the correct answer.<br />
We can also find the correct answer through elimination. There is nowhere in the passage where it discusses<br />
building Dr. Who's Tardis (pity!), so we can eliminate A. Nor does it tell us how to make space-warping<br />
material. Eliminate B. While bubbles in space-time are discussed at some length in one of the paragraphs, we<br />
cannot say this is the main concern of the passage, and thus should eliminate C. And nowhere are the uses of<br />
space travel discussed, so discard E.<br />
Specific Detail or Target questions are probably the most common types of questions, and the easiest to answer.<br />
The question might look like this:<br />
<br />
"According to the passage,...."<br />
"The passage states that ...."<br />
<br />
<b>Strategy</b><br />
<br />
What would be an appropriate title for this passage?<br />
A) Constructing The Tardis<br />
B) How To Make Space-Warping Material<br />
C) Bubbles In Space-Time<br />
D) Faster-Than-Light Travel: A Possibility?<br />
E) Debate On The Uses of Space Travel<br />
<br />
The Specific Detail or Target that we are looking for could be a Line Number, or a Name or Date. Go to the<br />
Line Number or Name or Date, and then read several lines above and below it. Find the answer choice that<br />
basically says the same thing as in the passage, though usually with different words or word order.<br />
<br />
<b>Explanation</b><br />
This is a Specific Detail/Target question, and therefore we look for the Name, Line Number, or Date that will<br />
help us. In this case, the detail consists of the names Pfenning and Ford. We scan the text, starting from the top of the passage, looking for the names Pfenning and Ford. We find them in only place, at the beginning of the second paragraph. We read a couple of lines above the names, and keep reading until a few lines after the<br />
names. It says "But in 1997 Michael Pfenning and Larry Ford at Tufts University in Medford, Massachusetts,<br />
apparently killed this ingenious idea by showing that it needed far more than the entire energy content of the<br />
Universe to work (This Week, 26 July 1997, p 6)". The line after that says the research of another physicist then resurrected the possibility of FTL travel, negating the implications of the research of Pfenning and Ford. Now we can answer the question. Do any of the answer choices match the information given around the target area?<br />
Yes- E.<br />
Let's also eliminate. If we re-read what the passage says about Pfenning and Ford, we can eliminate B, C, and D.<br />
None of them are supported by the information in the passage, so let's eliminate all of them without wasting<br />
too much time and with a minimum of fuss. A is tougher to eliminate. From the sentence that mention Pfenning<br />
and Ford, it seems their work does rule out the possibility of a space-warp drive. But if we read the next line, it says another researcher said it was indeed possible. So the Pfenning and Ford could not have "conclusively"<br />
demonstrated the impossibility of the FTL drive.<br />
<br />
This is probably the most difficult type of Reading Comprehension problem. The question might look like this:<br />
"It can be inferred that the author makes which of the following assumptions?"<br />
"Which is an assumption underlying the last sentence of the passage?"<br />
"Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the hypothesis mentioned in lines 17-19?"<br />
"With which of the following statements regarding chaos theory would the author be most likely to<br />
agree?"<br />
<br />
<b>Strategy </b>:<br />
1. First, treat this type of problem as a Specific Target question. Look for a target in the question, find it in<br />
the text, and then look above and below it. Often you do not have to infer very much, the answer<br />
remains within the text.<br />
2. If the answer must be inferred and is not stated explicitly within the text, then choose the answer choice<br />
that can be inferred or assumed from the information given. Again, you should not have to infer very<br />
much – only one or two logical steps removed from the information in the passage.<br />
According to the passage, Pfenning and Ford<br />
A) demonstrated conclusively the impossibility of faster-than-light travel<br />
B) explored the possibility of bubbles that warp space<br />
C) supported the work of Alcubierre<br />
D) work at of the Institute for Theoretical Physics at the Catholic University of Leuven<br />
E) suggested that a warp drive was not physically possible<br />
3. Make sure that the answer choice you decide on does not violate or contradict the Main Idea of the<br />
passage - if it does, the answer choice is probably wrong.<br />
<br />
It can be inferred that a house with the properties of the bubble mentioned in the passage<br />
A) would be larger on the inside than on the outside<br />
B) could move faster than the speed of light<br />
C) might be very energy efficient<br />
D) could move through time<br />
E) would eventually fold in on itself and be destroyed <br />
<br />
<b>Explanation</b><br />
First, let's try to deal with this question as a Specific Target problem. Is there a target in the question? Yes – the bubble. The bubble is first mentioned at the end of the second paragraph, and then discussed at length<br />
throughout the third paragraph. Remember, we have to look above and below that target area (as well as read the target area again), so quickly go through the second, third, and first part of the fourth paragraph.<br />
When you are finished, look at the answer choices. Can any of them be inferred from the information given in<br />
the target area? Well, we could eliminate C, D, and E for simply not being supported by the information given<br />
in the passage. B – maybe, but a house moving through time seems pretty silly. But in the fourth paragraph the<br />
author talks about the Tardis, "which looked like a police box but had a spacious interior". Big on the inside,<br />
small on the outside. Is that like our house? Yes- answer A. As well, we can choose A because it does not go<br />
against or contradict the Main Idea in this case, which if it had, would have made it necessary to eliminate. So<br />
choose A.<br />
<br />
The question might look like this:<br />
"The author's attitude towards Morgan's theory could best be described as one of ..."<br />
<br />
<b>Strategy </b>:<br />
Look for descriptive words, adjectives or adverbs, that could tell you the author's attitude. For example, the<br />
words <i>unfortunately </i>or <i>flaw </i>suggest a negative connotation, while strength or valuable emphasize the positive.<br />
Make brief notes – a couple of words- regarding the Tone of the text on your scrap paper while you read.<br />
Additionally, keep in mind that the author's attitude toward a theory, book, or ethnic group will almost always<br />
be respectful, even when somewhat critical.<br />
<br />
<b>Explanation</b><br />
Since this is a Tone/Attitude question, we must look in the passage for descriptive words that tell us what the<br />
author thinks of Alcibierre and his theory. In the second paragraph the author call's Alcibierre's theory "this<br />
ingenious idea". This is positive, and the only positive answer choice is A. A is the correct answer. As well, if<br />
we could not find the tone so easily, we could also eliminate C and D at the very least, for being too extreme.<br />
It can be inferred that a house with the properties of the bubble mentioned in the passage<br />
A) would be larger on the inside than on the outside<br />
B) could move faster than the speed of light<br />
C) might be very energy efficient<br />
D) could move through time<br />
E) would eventually fold in on itself and be destroyed<br />
<br />
The author's attitude towards Miguel Alcibierre's theory could best be described as one of<br />
A) admiration<br />
B) mild skepticism<br />
C) unbridled scorn<br />
D) dismay<br />
E) complete objectivity<br />
<br />
The question might look like this:<br />
"Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?"<br />
"Which of the following best describes the organization of the first paragraph of the passage?"<br />
"One function of the third paragraph is to...."<br />
<br />
<b>Strategy </b>:<br />
Re-read the first line of every passage, and the last line of the first and last paragraphs. This should give you the general structure or outline of the argument, with which you can answer the question. Remember to make brief notes about the structure of the text on your scrap paper. If you are looking for the organization of one<br />
paragraph, read the first and second sentence of the paragraph. That will give you a rough idea of what is the<br />
structure or organization of the paragraph.<br />
<br />
<b>Explanation</b><br />
Read the first sentence of the paragraph: "But in 1997 Michael Pfenning and Larry Ford at Tufts University in<br />
Medford, Massachusetts, apparently killed this ingenious idea by showing that it needed far more than the<br />
entire energy content of the Universe to work (This Week, 26 July 1997, p 6)". Then read the second sentence:<br />
"Now Chris Van Den Broeck of the Institute for Theoretical Physics at the Catholic University of Leuven,<br />
Belgium, has resurrected Alcubierre's proposal". So if we out those two sentences together, and in different<br />
words, first the usefulness of Alcubierre's theory is questioned by two researchers, then the theory is validated<br />
by yet another researcher. Which of the answer choices is closest to this? C. None of the other answer choices follow the organizational pattern of the paragraph – they reverse it, or are completely dissimilar. C is the only possible answer.<br />
1. Read the whole text of the passage once.<br />
2. Make brief notes about the text on your scrap paper.<br />
3. Remember that the tone or attitude of the passage is usually respectful and moderate, never going to<br />
extremes of praise nor criticism.<br />
4. Look out for structural words that tell you the important ideas or transitions in a passage.<br />
5. Go back to the text of the passage for the answers to specific questions.<br />
<br />
Which of the following best describes the organization of the second paragraph of the passage?<br />
A) Two investigations that support Alcubierre's theory are introduced<br />
B) Possible objections to the uses of the warp drive are present, and then refuted<br />
C) An objection to the practicality of the theory is raised, and then another work is cited to<br />
shore up the applicability of the original theory<br />
D) A work of theoretical physics that supports Alcubierre's theory is raised, and then another<br />
that refutes it is presented<br />
E) Alcubierre's theory is analyzed by a panel of several eminent physicists<br />
<br />
<b>Explanation</b><br />
Read the first sentence of the paragraph: "But in 1997 Michael Pfenning and Larry Ford at Tufts University in<br />
Medford, Massachusetts, apparently killed this ingenious idea by showing that it needed far more than the<br />
entire energy content of the Universe to work (This Week, 26 July 1997, p 6)". Then read the second sentence:<br />
"Now Chris Van Den Broeck of the Institute for Theoretical Physics at the Catholic University of Leuven,<br />
Belgium, has resurrected Alcubierre's proposal". So if we out those two sentences together, and in different<br />
words, first the usefulness of Alcubierre's theory is questioned by two researchers, then the theory is validated<br />
by yet another researcher. Which of the answer choices is closest to this? C. None of the other answer choices follow the organizational pattern of the paragraph – they reverse it, or are completely dissimilar. C is the only possible answer.<br />
1. Read the whole text of the passage once.<br />
2. Make brief notes about the text on your scrap paper.<br />
3. Remember that the tone or attitude of the passage is usually respectful and moderate, never going to<br />
extremes of praise nor criticism.<br />
4. Look out for structural words that tell you the important ideas or transitions in a passage.<br />
5. Go back to the text of the passage for the answers to specific questions.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8991418001668931770.post-91275331897625749732009-08-29T02:17:00.000+05:302009-08-29T02:17:04.477+05:30Daily Reasoning Questions 2<div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Vampire bats have been attacking a different person in the village of Batsrus on different days of the week and they all managed to succeed in sucking a little blood from their victim. The victim fought off the attacking bat by using any weapon to hand. </div><div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Can you determine the amount of blood sucked from which person, on what day and what they defended themselves with? </div><div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">1) Miss Fitch had 4ml of blood sucked from her neck before managing to fight the bat off, but not with her Handbag or Fist and this wasn't on a Saturday. </div><div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">2) The bat that was fought off with a Walking Stick managed to suck 1.5ml more than the bat that attacked 2 days before the victim that used a Slipper to defend themselves, which was not Mr. Sachs. </div><div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">3) Mr. Sachs had more blood sucked from him than the Saturday victim.</div><div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">4) A bat was hit with a Fist 2 days after a bat was hit with a Handbag.</div><div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">5) The victim that had 7ml of blood sucked was attacked the day before the victim having the least amount of blood sucked, which was not on a Wednesday.</div><div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">6) Monday's bat attack was on Mrs Melbury who didn't fight the bat off with a Slipper.</div><div style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">7) Ms Trews did not use an Umbrella as her weapon. </div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0